Journal of Geographical Sciences

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Influence of human activities on changes in the ecological environment of the Dongting Lake Basin over the past two decades under climate change

PENG Qing, JIANG Yelin, LIU Weiguang, LI Cheng

地理学报(英文版), 2026, 36(5): 1173-1197. DOI: 10.1007/s11442-026-2487-8

Figure 5 Spatial distribution of the trends of (a-d) precipitation, temperature, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, and net primary productivity, corresponding to their (e-h) significant levels during 2001-2021

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Figure 1 Location of the Dongting Lake Basin in Yangtze River Basin (a), elevation (b) and land use (c) in 2021
Table 1 Data sources and indicator extraction
Figure 2 Spatial distribution and temporal variation in the Remote Sensing Ecological Index from 2001 to 2021: (a) spatial pattern of the mean value; (b) annual changes; and (c) proportions of different grades (RSEI: Remote Sensing Ecological Index)
Figure 3 Spatial distribution of (a) Remote Sensing Ecological Index trends and (b) their corresponding significant levels during 2001-2021
Figure 4 Trends of (a) climate variables and (b) vegetation in the Dongting Lake Basin from 2001 to 2021 (NDVI: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index; NPP: net primary productivity)
Figure 6 Changes in the trend values of climate (a: precipitation; b: temperature) and vegetation (c: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index; d: net primary productivity), corresponding to those of different significant levels in Remote Sensing Ecological Index (NDVI and NPP are the same meaning in Figure 4.)
Figure 7 Spatial distribution (a) and ratio chord (b) of land use transformations between 2001 and 2021
Table 2 Transfer matrix of land use types in the Dongting Lake Basin in 2001-2021 (%)
Figure 8 Spatial patterns of the (a) nighttime light trend slopes, (b) corresponding significance levels, (c) interannual variations in basin-mean nighttime light, and (d) nighttime light trend statistics across RSEI change classes (NL: nighttime light). Notably, the dominant class in panel (a) (−0.0005 to 0.0005) represents near-zero trends rather than negative changes; statistical significance is reported in panel (b).
Figure 9 Single-factor identification of the influencing factors of ecological environment quality from 2001 to 2020 (NPP, NDVI are the same meaning in Figure 4; NL is the same meaning in Figure 8; PD: population density; OC: organic matter content; SM: soil moisture.)
Figure 10 Results of interaction detection from 2001 to 2020 (EN: enhance nonlinear; EB: enhance bi-variable. NPP, NDVI, PD, NL, OC and SM are the same meaning in Figure 9.)

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