Journal of Geographical Sciences

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Green roofs for a greener future: Quantifying carbon sequestration and oxygen production potential in Chinese cities

LIN Shaofu, HAN Haoyu, LIU Xiliang

地理学报(英文版), 2025, 35(10): 2091-2112. DOI: 10.1007/s11442-025-2404-6

Classification of buildings	Public building	Transportation and warehousing, public facilities, agriculture, forestry, livestock and fisheries, health and social security, education and culture, scientific research and technical services
	Commercial building	Corporate, commercial facilities, wholesale and retail, automobile sales and services, sports and leisure, finance and insurance, restaurants and catering
	Residential building	Accommodation, residential services

Table S1 Summary of building types

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Figure 1 The areas included in the current study
Figure 2 Framework for assessing the potential for green roofs
Figure 3 Schematic diagram of distillation of knowledge extracted from the roof of a building
Figure 4 The roof area region of the building was obtained after extracting the roof area from the vector dataset and validating the knowledge distillation method
Figure 5 Building type share and square footage: (a) Histogram of the top three priority ratios for selected cities; (b) Scatterplot of the top three priority shares for 90 cities; (c) Map of priority first, second, and third square footage
Table 1 Validation indicators
Table 2 Optimized prophet model input settings
Figure 6 Temperature and precipitation analysis (a. Graph showing changes in temperature climatic characteristics over the years and the evolution of future trends; b. Graph showing changes in climatic characteristics of precipitation over time and the evolution of future trends)
Figure 7 Plant selection and carbon sequestration and oxygen release index (a. Green plant selection for each climate zone; b. Carbon sequestration and oxygen release indices for green plants)
Table 3 Substrate comparison
Figure 8 Analysis of carbon sequestration and oxygen release (a. Distribution of carbon sequestration, and a box and line plot of carbon sequestration for the six climate zones, corresponding to the three priorities for sequestration in each zone; b. Distribution of oxygen release, box and line plot of oxygen release for the six climate zones, corresponding to the three priorities for oxygen release in each zone; c. City-averaged carbon sequestration and oxygen release in each climate zone)
Table S2 90 cities in China
Table S3 Green roof plant selection
Table S4 Area corresponding to the three main priorities for each climate zone
Table S5 Sub-indicators for the six climate zones in the country and distribution of 90 cities
Table S6 Plant selection by climate zone
Table S7 Oxygen sequestration at different priorities by climate zone
Table S8 Post-2000 building share by provincial-level region

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