Journal of Geographical Sciences

Impacts of anthropogenic activities on habitat fragmentation and their spatial heterogeneity in the Himalayas

LI Jiaming, LIU Jiachuan

Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2026, 36(4): 943-962. DOI: 10.1007/s11442-026-2477-x

		Expansion of human activities			Natural conditions
		Changes in cropland	Changes in artificial land	Population change	Altitude	Slope	Changes in rainfall
2000-2010	The impact excluding interaction with suitability	0.0024	0.0083	0.0068	0.0147	0.0048	0.0126
2000-2010	The impact considering interaction with suitability	0.0227	0.0219	0.0256	0.0165	0.0199	0.0456
2010-2020	The impact excluding interaction with suitability	0.0010	0.0011	0.0019	0.0011	0.0020	0.0015
2010-2020	The impact considering interaction with suitability	0.0036	0.0035	0.0046	0.0022	0.0115	0.0083

Table 8 Comparative analysis of the suitability interactions for grassland fragmentation

Other figure/table from this article

Figure 1 Location of the study area (the Himalayas)
Figure 2 Analytical framework
Table 1 Habitat fragmentation index (HFI) of ecological land in different regions from 2000 to 2020
Table 2 Ecological land occupied by the expansion of anthropogenic activities on the southern margin of the Himalayas by country from 2000 to 2020 (%)
Figure 3 Proportion of ecological land loss types on the southern margin of the Himalayas by country from 2000 to 2020
Figure 4 Forestland and grassland fragmentation in 2020
Figure 5 Classification of human activity factors in 2020
Figure 6 Classification of natural factors in 2020
Table 3 Effects on forest fragmentation
Table 4 Effects on grassland fragmentation
Table 5 The effects of changes in anthropogenic activities and natural conditions on forest fragmentation
Table 6 The effects of changes in anthropogenic activities and natural conditions on grassland fragmentation
Table 7 Comparative analysis of the suitability interactions for forest fragmentation