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Understanding coordinated development through spatial structure and network robustness: A case study of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region
WANG Hao, ZHANG Xiaoyuan, ZHANG Xiaoyu, LIU Ruowen, NING Xiaogang
地理学报(英文版), 2024, 34(5): 1007-1036.   DOI: 10.1007/s11442-024-2237-8

Guideline layer Indicator layer & indicator type Unit Indicator meaning Weight
Economy
(ECO)
GDP (+) 109 Yuan Regional economic power 0.2186
The percentage of added value of the tertiary industry of GDP (+) % Industrial and economic structure 0.0341
per capita GDP (+) 104 yuan Residents’ living standards 0.0873
The averages NTL data (+) / Economic development level 0.2282
General public budget revenues (+) 104 yuan Regional financial strength 0.2354
General public budget expenditure (+) 104 yuan Regional financial strength 0.1679
Disposable income per urban resident (+) yuan Residents’ living standards 0.0285
Society
(SCO)
Road network density (+) km/km² Infrastructure level 0.1325
Urbanization rate (+) % Urban development potential 0.0202
Population density (+) people/km2 Population growth potential 0.2097
Length of road per capita (+) m/people Convenience of transportation 0.1583
Percentage of built-up area (+) % Land development intensity 0.0548
Number of health facilities per 10,000 people (+) Institute/104 people Health services level 0.0344
Number of schools per 10,000 people (+) Institute/104 people Education level 0.0455
Open space area per capita (+) people/km² Population’s standard of living 0.3446
Environment
(ENT)
PM2.5 concentration in the air (-) μg/m3 Air quality levels 0.1837
Percentage of Ecological space area (+) % Environmental quality levels 0.5204
NDVI (+) / Urban greenness 0.1050
LST (-) / Urban heat 0.0312
WET (+) / Urban humidity 0.1597
Table 2 The indicator system for evaluating the comprehensive development level of the ESE of cities
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