Journal of Geographical Sciences

Understanding coordinated development through spatial structure and network robustness: A case study of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

WANG Hao, ZHANG Xiaoyuan, ZHANG Xiaoyu, LIU Ruowen, NING Xiaogang

地理学报(英文版), 2024, 34(5): 1007-1036. DOI: 10.1007/s11442-024-2237-8

Name	Data source	Resolution	Brief description
Land use data	Geographic Condition Monitoring Data	2 m/yearly	Reflection of the actual development and construction of the urban area
Road network data	Geographic Condition Monitoring Data, OpenStreetMap dataset (https://www.openstreetmap.org/)	2 m/yearly	Quantification of the urban transportation development level
POI data	Geographic Condition Monitoring Data, POI data (https://www.amap.com/)	2 m/yearly	Indication of people’s living standards
Social and economic data	Beijing Regional Statistics Yearbook, Tianjin Statistical Yearbook, and Hebei Statistical Yearbook		Quantitative measurement of quality in all aspects of the city
PM2.5 data	ChinaHighPM2.5 (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6398971)	1 km/yearly	Characterization of the regional environmental conditions
Nighttime light data	EOG Group, Colorado School of Mines, USA (https://eogdata.mines.edu/products/vnl/)	500 m/yearly	Characterization of the regional economic development level
Remote sensing image	Landsat8 OLI (https://earthengine.google.com/)	30 m/yearly	Quantification of urban environmental quality
Administrative boundary	National Basic Geographic Information Database (https://www.resdc.cn)	/	Definition of the scope of the study area

Table 1 Research data sources and description

本文的其它图/表

Figure 1 Location of the study area (Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region)
Figure 2 Research framework
Figure 3 Interaction of the social, economic and environmental subsystems
Table 2 The indicator system for evaluating the comprehensive development level of the ESE of cities
Table 3 Overall and individual network indicators
Table 4 Network robustness evaluation indicator system
Figure 4 Evolution of various networks in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 2015-2019
Table 5 Overall network structure characteristics
Figure 5 Network centrality differences among different subsystems in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 2015 to 2019
Figure 6 Evolution of various networks in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 2015-2019 (Note: Different colours represent different clusters, and the width size represents the number of city transfers.)
Figure 7 Results of city clustering in different dimensions in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 2015-2019 (Note: Different classes represent different urban clusters.)
Figure 8 Variations in network robustness characteristic value under different node attack methods
Figure 9 Multidimensional core network in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region (Note: Different levels represent the contact strength, where the first level is the highest; the grading criteria are the same as those in Figure 4.)
Figure 10 Core nodes of the multidimensional network in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region at county level