| System | Indicator | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| Demographic situation | Birth rate (BR) | Size of the birth population |
| Death rate (DR) | Mortality profile of a population | |
| The scale of inbound migration within five years (Retention) | Power of different regions to attract population | |
| Natural geographical environment | Relief degree of land surface (RDLS) | Reflection of degree of surface dissection in human habitats |
| PM2.5 | Crucial measure of regional air quality and determinant of livability and life expectancy | |
| Socioeconomic environment | Per capita GDP | Key indicator of regional economic development and local employment potential |
| Each additional 100,000 people with higher education (Edu) | Proxy measure of cultural literacy and fertility behavior in the regional population | |
| Number of hospital beds per thousand people (Hospital) | Level of accessible medical resources | |
| Economic geographical position (Pro_disc) | Degree of benefit from provincial capital’s developmental spillover | |
| Administrative level (Urb_level) | Administrative tier and associated policy support |
