Journal of Geographical Sciences

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Rainfall effects on wind erosion processes on the simulated Gobi surface using indoor experiments

SUN Liying, WANG Chunhui, DUAN Guangyao

地理学报(英文版), 2024, 34(3): 610-630. DOI: 10.1007/s11442-024-2220-4

Classification of the group	Gravel coverage (%)	STR (g m^-2 s^-1)			Cv (%)	Dr (%)	Maximum height (cm)	Regression equation of STR and wind velocity (R²/F)
Classification of the group	Gravel coverage (%)	Min	Max	Mean	Cv (%)	Dr (%)	Maximum height (cm)	Regression equation of STR and wind velocity (R²/F)
Contrast group	0	0.00	51.47	3.42±9.63^Aa	279.6	/	13.1±5.4^Aa	y=2E-08x^7.08(0.991/16.24)
	20	0.00	39.79	2.14±6.03^Aab	279.5	37.4	11.8±6.2^Aa	y=8E-09x^7.29(0.975/26.37)
	40	0.00	28.94	1.85±5.07^Aab	272.3	45.9	14.4±6.2^Aa	y=2E-09x^7.79(0.948/33.17)
	60	0.00	10.46	0.78±2.03^Ab	258.5	77.2	15.2±6.6^Aa	y=2E-07x^5.81(0.998/21.19)
	Total group	0.00	51.47	2.05±6.33^A	/	/	13.6±6.2^A	/
Test Group	0	0.00	2.14	0.12±0.38^Ba	290.2	/	7.1±2.7^Ba	y=1E-05x^3.63(0.972/19.87)
	20	0.00	1.19	0.10±0.21^Bab	215.7	16.7	11.4±5.7^Aa	y=3E-05x^3.14(0.937/16.62)
	40	0.00	0.80	0.07±0.14^Bab	208.5	41.7	14.3±7.1^Aa	y=1E-05x^3.29(0.968/25.47)
	60	0.00	0.25	0.02±0.04^Bb	215.8	83.3	12.6±6.6^Aa	y=4E-07x^4.17(0.981/21.33)
	Total group	0.00	2.14	0.08±0.23^B	/		11.4±6.5^B	/

Table 2 Variations in the sediment transportation rate (STR) and maximum height under different experimental conditions

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Figure 1 Location and typical landscape of the soil sampling site in Inner Mongolia, China: (a) location and (b) landscape
Figure 2 Images of the indoor artificial experiment: (a) calibration of the spatial homogeneity of the rainfall intensity and (b) wind tunnel experiment
Figure 3 Simulated Gobi surfaces in the experiments with different gravel coverages: (a) 0%; (b) 20%; (c) 40%; and (d) 60%
Figure 4 Wind erosion rate (WR) values under different experimental conditions: (a) contrast group and (b) test group
Table 1 Variations in wind erosion rate (WR) and its relationship with wind velocity
Figure 5 Sediment transportation rate (STR) under different experimental conditions: (a) contrast group under 0% gravel coverage; (b) contrast group under 20% gravel coverage; (c) contrast group under 40% gravel coverage; (d) contrast group under 60% gravel coverage; (e) test group under 0% gravel coverage; (f) test group under 20% gravel coverage; (g) test group under 40% gravel coverage; and (h) test group under 60% gravel coverage
Table 3 Relationship between sediment transportation rate (STR) and transportation height under different experimental conditions
Table 4 Contribution of rainfall events to the wind erosion rate (WR) and sediment transportation rate (STR).
Figure 6 Cumulative mass percents of particles on-slope before (original value) and after rainfall event
Table 5 Particle size distribution (PSD) on-slope before (original value) and after rainfall events under different gravel coverages
Figure 7 Images of the soil surface by stereomicroscopy: (a) 0% gravel coverage before a rainfall event; (b) 0% gravel coverage after a rainfall event; (c) 20% gravel coverage before a rainfall event; (d) 20% gravel coverage after a rainfall event; (e) 40% grave coverage before a rainfall event; (f) 40% gravel coverage after a rainfall event; (g) 60% gravel coverage before a rainfall event; and (h) 60% gravel coverage after a rainfall event
Figure 8 Changes in soil surface roughness (SSR) due to the rainfall event

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