| Variables | (1) | (2) | (3) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Direct effect | ADA×EAST | 0.0063 (0.0048) | | |
| ADA×CENTER | 0.0139** (0.0071) | |||
| ADA×WEST | | | -0.0061 (0.0071) | |
| Indirect effect | ADA×EAST | 0.1775*** (0.0565) | ||
| ADA×CENTER | -0.1407 (0.1464) | |||
| ADA×WEST | -0.0549 (0.0683) | |||
| Control variable | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| City FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| Year FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| R2 | 0.0046 | 0.0014 | 0.0012 | |
| Observations | 1644 | 1644 | 1644 |
Figure 2 The geographic location of cities that implemented administrative division adjustment between 2013 and 2018
Figure 4 The spatiotemporal evolution of urban polycentricity in China in different years: (a) 2013, (b) 2014, (c) 2015, (d) 2016, (e) 2017 and (f) 2018