Journal of Geographical Sciences

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Multi-scale analysis of spatiotemporal evolution and driving factors of eco-environmental quality in a Ningxia irrigation district, China

LI Zequan, CHAI Mingtang, ZHU Lei, HE Junjie, DING Yimin, XU Fengkun, XU Xiyuan

Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2026, 36(2): 471-493. DOI: 10.1007/s11442-026-2456-2

Years	PC₁				Rate (%) of contribution
Years	NDVI	ET	LST	NDBSI	Rate (%) of contribution
2001	0.5280	0.2640	-0.6281	-0.4853	82.51
2006	0.3548	0.2697	-0.7208	-0.5169	78.75
2011	0.5007	0.3218	-0.5986	-0.5168	83.81
2016	0.4206	0.2931	-0.7321	-0.4290	80.86
2021	0.4531	0.2546	-0.6459	-0.5592	80.62
Average values	0.4513	0.2806	-0.6651	-0.5014	81.31

Table 4 Load and contribution rate of the PC_l in different years

Other figure/table from this article

Figure 1 Location of Ningxia irrigation district (a: Ningxia; b: irrigation district; c: sub-irrigation district; d: landscape; L: large scale, which is irrigation district; M: medium scale, which is sub-irrigation district; S: small scale, which is landscape)
Table 1 Data main information and sources
Table 2 MRSEI calculation formula
Table 3 Results of factors interactions
Figure 2 Classification of MRSEI index in Ningxia irrigation district of different scales (L, M and S are the same meaning in Figure 1.)
Figure 3 Variation and fluctuation levels of the MRSEI index across different spatial scales in Ningxia irrigation district (L, M and S are the same meaning in Figure 2.)
Figure 4 LISA clustering maps of MRSEI index in Ningxia irrigation district of different scales
Table 5 Theoretical models and their parameters for fitting semi-variance functions
Figure 5 Optimal fitting curves for semi-variational functions at each scale (L, M and S are the same meaning in Figure 3)
Table 6 Irrigation district scale ecological factor singleton detection results
Figure 6 Results of interactive detection of ecological factors
Table 7 Irrigation district scale ecological factor singleton detection results
Table 8 Sub-irrigation district scale ecological factor singleton detection results
Figure 7 Results of the interactive detection of irrigation district driving factors
Figure 8 Results of the interactive detection of sub-irrigation district driving factors
Figure 9 Local-scale detail comparison between MRSEI and RSEI
Figure 10 MGWR regression coefficients
Figure 11 Diagram of driving process on ecological quality at different scales (L, M and S are the same meaning in Figure 5; NDVI: normalized difference vegetation index; ET: evapotranspiration; LST: land surface temperature; NDBSI: normalized difference built-up and soil index; PRE: precipitation; TEMP: temperature; LUT: land use type; GDP: gross domestic product; DEM: digital elevation model; POP: population)

模态框（Modal）标题

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