Journal of Geographical Sciences

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Quantitative inversion of soil salinization in salt lake regions:Spatiotemporal variation and driving mechanisms

HAN Jinjun, WANG Zitao, WANG Jianping, ZHAO Chuntao, YU Dongmei, LIU Zhaofeng

地理学报(英文版), 2026, 36(3): 732-762. DOI: 10.1007/s11442-026-2468-y

Figure 1 Location (a) and geographical overview (b) of the Qaidam Basin, and the location of the study area (c), the situation of soil salinization (d and e), and the sampling grid (f)

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Table 1 Comparison of image band parameters between Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 8 OLI
Table 2 The surface parameters employed in this study for soil salinity prediction (primarily consist of terrain attributes, remote sensing data, salinity spectral index, and vegetation spectral index) and their abbreviations, calculation formulas, and their corresponding references.
Figure 2 Methodological framework
Figure 3 Distribution of soil salinity in the study area
Figure 4 Multispectral reflectance curves for varying soil salinity levels
Table 3 Correlation coefficient between various factors and salt content
Table 4 Multicollinear factors and their VIFs
Figure 5 The VIP values of 14 inversion factors related to soil salinization
Figure 6 The eight key factors (COSRI, NLI, DVI, GRVI, DEM, SI4, PCA2 and LST) for soil salinization modeling
Figure 7 Evaluating the accuracy among four inversion models (RF, GBM, EF and GBDT)
Figure 8 Predicted soil salt content histograms from four inversion models (RF, GBM, EF and GBDT)
Figure 9 Spatial distribution of soil salinization using RF (a), GBM (b), EF (c) and GBDT (d) models
Figure 10 Spatial distribution of soil salinization in the middle and lower reaches of the Golmud River from 2000 to 2020
Figure 11 Distribution characteristics of soil salt content in various periods (a) and the area of different level of salinization (b)
Figure 12 Spatial variability of soil salinization in the middle and lower reaches of the Golmud River from 2000 to 2020
Figure 13 Correlation coefficient matrix between soil salinity and annual meteorological factors (a) and monthly meteorological factors (b)

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