Ecological changes and the tradeoff and synergy of ecosystem services in western China

doi:10.1007/s11442-022-1985-6

摘要/Abstract

Abstract:

Since the implementation of the Development of Western Regions in 2000, a series of major ecological construction projects have been implemented, leading to a series of changes in the ecological conditions and ecological services of western China. This study calculated the amount of ecosystem services in total in the western region from 2000 to 2019, and analyzed ecological changes and the characteristics of spatio-temporal variations in ecological services. A relevant analysis method was applied to explore the tradeoff and synergy of service. It was found that the area of settlements and wetland ecosystems in the western region increased significantly from 2000 to 2015, whereas grassland showed a downward trend year by year. The vegetation fraction showed a decreasing belt-like distribution from south to north. It showed a fluctuating increase during 2000 to 2019, with inter-annual and large spatial differences. The water conservation service (WCS) had a slight downward trend from 2000 to 2019, and the main decreasing areas were distributed in southeastern Tibet, the western part of the Three Rivers Source region, and the karst rocky desertification area. The soil conservation service (SCS) showed an increasing but fluctuating trend, with the greatest increases observed in the Loess Plateau region, western Sichuan and Yunnan, northwest Tibet, and southeast Tibet. The windbreak and sand fixation service (SFS) showed a downward trend, and the sharp decline was mainly in the central and western parts of Inner Mongolia, Tibet and parts of northern Xinjiang. Ecosystem supply and WCS, and SCS were mainly synergistic, which were found in areas north of the Qinling Mountains-Huaihe River (QM-HR) line, especially in Ningxia and Inner Mongolia. Ecosystem supply was mainly tradeoffs with SFS, and it was found in the agriculture-pastoral transition zone. The synergistic degree of ecosystem services in areas subjected to ecological engineering policy was greater than that in non-engineering areas. Quantitative assessment of ecosystem service changes and their tradeoffs is helpful for scientific ecological management and maximizing ecological benefits.

Key words: ecosystem services, tradeoff and synergy, western region, Western Development Strategy

. [J]. 地理学报(英文版), 2022, 32(6): 1059-1075.

NIU Linan, SHAO Quanqin, NING Jia, HUANG Haibo. Ecological changes and the tradeoff and synergy of ecosystem services in western China[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2022, 32(6): 1059-1075.

图/表 13

参考文献 46

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Ecosystems	2000	2005	2010	2015	Change area from 2000-2015	Rate of change (%)
Cropland	66.38	67.86	68.20	70.19	3.81	5.74
Forest	112.97	116.10	115.78	115.57	2.60	2.30
Grassland	281.18	272.65	266.45	245.76	-35.42	-12.60
Water bodies and wetland	19.06	21.22	19.78	26.44	7.38	38.72
Settlement	1.37	1.57	2.12	5.76	4.39	320.43
Desert	127.63	128.36	127.59	128.68	1.05	0.82
Other ecosystems	63.15	63.08	72.15	75.65	12.50	19.79

2000	2015
2000	Cropland	Forest	Grassland	Water bodies and wetland	Settlement	Desert	Others
Cropland	47.74	5.83	8.38	1.09	2.98	0.26	0.09
Forest	8.35	89.31	12.69	1.53	0.31	0.27	0.42
Grassland	11.74	18.17	194.60	8.84	1.02	21.15	25.61
Water bodies and wetland	0.52	0.32	2.62	11.93	0.09	0.83	2.72
Settlement	0.19	0.04	0.09	0.05	0.97	0.03	0.004
Desert	1.44	0.36	10.39	1.74	0.35	105.82	7.52
Others	0.20	1.48	16.91	1.21	0.04	4.06	39.23