Journal of Geographical Sciences >
Performance evaluation of resource-based city transformation: A case study of energy-enriched areas in Shaanxi, Gansu, and Ningxia
Wen Qi (1979-), Professor, specialized in rural geography and energy economic research. E-mail: wenq98@163.com |
Received date: 2022-12-06
Accepted date: 2023-07-20
Online published: 2023-11-15
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42271221)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42061037)
Resource-based cities are important bases for resources and energy in China. However, the world and the country’s sustainable development goals require them to undergo transformation. The complexity of this transformation poses challenges for these cities. This study aims to evaluate the transformation performance of resource-based cities in Shaanxi, Gansu, and Ningxia. The findings will help understand their capabilities and achievements in transformation and provide guidance for future transformation planning. To evaluate the transformation performance, this study employs the entropy weight Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution method. An index system is constructed, including the industrial diversification and specialization indices. These indices serve as benchmarks for assessing the transformation performance. The period 2010-2019 is considered, and the transformation performance of resource-based cities is evaluated based on different development stages and regions. The results reveal the following insights: (1) Most resource-based cities demonstrate favorable transformation performance. Although variations exist between cities, the gaps are gradually narrowing. (2) Over an extended period, the transformation performance of each city undergoes continuous changes, with high-performing areas shifting. (3) The transformation performance of resource-based cities varies significantly across different development stages. (4) An imbalance exists among the regions where resource-based cities are located, and a diffusion effect can be observed. Accordingly, the following enlightenment and policy suggestions are obtained: (1) exploring targeted management policies for resource-based cities; (2) fostering a dynamic and open transformation environment; (3) promoting the concept of regional cooperation in transformation; (4) improving the business environment; (5) promoting enterprise innovation; (6) establishing and improving a long-term mechanism for sustainable development and a compensation mechanism for resource development; and (7) optimizing the talent training system.
WEN Qi , FANG Jie , SHI Linna , WU Xinyan , LUO Anmeng , DING Jinmei . Performance evaluation of resource-based city transformation: A case study of energy-enriched areas in Shaanxi, Gansu, and Ningxia[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2023 , 33(11) : 2321 -2337 . DOI: 10.1007/s11442-023-2178-7
Table 1 Resource-based city transformation performance measurement indicators |
System layer | Orientation layer | Measure layer |
---|---|---|
Economic development | Economic operation | Regional gross domestic product (GDP) (108 yuan) |
GDP per capita (yuan) | ||
Economic structure | Value added by industry as a proportion of the GDP (%) | |
Value added by the tertiary industry as a proportion of the regional GDP (%) | ||
Industrial transformation | Industrial specialization index | |
Industrial diversification index | ||
Improvements in people’s livelihood | Standard of living | Per capita disposable income of urban residents (yuan) |
Per capita disposable income of rural residents (yuan) | ||
Basic guarantee | Number of hospital beds (units) | |
Number of regular colleges and universities (number) | ||
The growth rate of employees in the secondary and tertiary industries (%) | ||
Resource conservation | Energy conservation | Industrial smoke (powder) dust emissions (tons) |
Industrial smoke (powder) dust emissions per unit of GDP (ton/108 yuan) | ||
Industrial wastewater discharge (10,000 tons) | ||
Discharge of industrial wastewater per unit of GDP (ton/108 yuan) | ||
Environmentally friendly | Green construction | Green coverage rate of built-up area (%) |
Sewage treatment rate (%) | ||
Pollution prevention | Harmless treatment rate of domestic waste (%) | |
Comprehensive utilization rate of solid waste (%) |
Note: The specialization index and diversification index are calculated based on the number of employed persons in urban units by industry in each city, and are calculated by the Krugman index and the entropy index, respectively. |
Table 2 Comprehensive scores of the transformation performance of resource-based cities in Shaanxi, Gansu, and Ningxia: 2000-2019 |
City | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yan’an | 0.317 | 0.306 | 0.287 | 0.310 | 0.275 | 0.280 | 0.302 | 0.256 | 0.242 | 0.259 |
Tongchuan | 0.232 | 0.229 | 0.217 | 0.261 | 0.193 | 0.203 | 0.246 | 0.214 | 0.211 | 0.238 |
Weinan | 0.261 | 0.270 | 0.263 | 0.277 | 0.258 | 0.289 | 0.318 | 0.372 | 0.278 | 0.298 |
Xianyang | 0.771 | 0.705 | 0.696 | 0.725 | 0.743 | 0.680 | 0.727 | 0.619 | 0.549 | 0.593 |
Baoji | 0.356 | 0.348 | 0.310 | 0.322 | 0.291 | 0.314 | 0.382 | 0.378 | 0.316 | 0.334 |
Yulin | 0.440 | 0.394 | 0.383 | 0.379 | 0.407 | 0.369 | 0.408 | 0.309 | 0.367 | 0.438 |
Jinchang | 0.248 | 0.228 | 0.234 | 0.224 | 0.205 | 0.234 | 0.271 | 0.283 | 0.319 | 0.234 |
Baiyin | 0.169 | 0.270 | 0.188 | 0.238 | 0.199 | 0.248 | 0.252 | 0.219 | 0.223 | 0.235 |
Wuwei | 0.221 | 0.215 | 0.243 | 0.251 | 0.295 | 0.339 | 0.345 | 0.302 | 0.261 | 0.313 |
Zhangye | 0.214 | 0.287 | 0.237 | 0.279 | 0.237 | 0.314 | 0.306 | 0.352 | 0.289 | 0.321 |
Qingyang | 0.214 | 0.227 | 0.257 | 0.228 | 0.192 | 0.255 | 0.264 | 0.256 | 0.245 | 0.280 |
Pingliang | 0.186 | 0.170 | 0.181 | 0.198 | 0.219 | 0.293 | 0.307 | 0.269 | 0.276 | 0.292 |
Longnan | 0.214 | 0.216 | 0.288 | 0.243 | 0.236 | 0.330 | 0.280 | 0.251 | 0.390 | 0.374 |
Shizuishan | 0.236 | 0.235 | 0.230 | 0.252 | 0.197 | 0.209 | 0.243 | 0.206 | 0.199 | 0.242 |
Figure 1 Distribution of comprehensive transformation performance in Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia in 2010, 2013, 2016 and 2019 |
Table 3 Transformation performance of resource-based cities at various stages of development |
Growing | Mature | Declining | Regeneration | |
---|---|---|---|---|
City Year | Yan’an, Xianyang, Baoji, Yulin, Jinchang, Wuwei, Qingyang, Longnan | Weinan, Pingliang | Tongchuan, Baiyin, Shizuishan | Zhangye |
2010 | 0.348 | 0.295 | 0.212 | 0.214 |
2011 | 0.330 | 0.277 | 0.245 | 0.287 |
2012 | 0.337 | 0.321 | 0.212 | 0.237 |
2013 | 0.335 | 0.313 | 0.250 | 0.279 |
2014 | 0.331 | 0.291 | 0.196 | 0.237 |
2015 | 0.350 | 0.239 | 0.220 | 0.314 |
2016 | 0.372 | 0.238 | 0.247 | 0.306 |
2017 | 0.332 | 0.222 | 0.213 | 0.352 |
2018 | 0.336 | 0.220 | 0.211 | 0.289 |
2019 | 0.353 | 0.224 | 0.238 | 0.321 |
Table 4 Transformation performance of resource-based cities in the three provincial-level regions |
Year | Shaanxi | Gansu | Ningxia |
---|---|---|---|
2010 | 0.396 | 0.209 | 0.236 |
2011 | 0.375 | 0.230 | 0.235 |
2012 | 0.359 | 0.233 | 0.230 |
2013 | 0.379 | 0.237 | 0.252 |
2014 | 0.361 | 0.226 | 0.197 |
2015 | 0.356 | 0.287 | 0.209 |
2016 | 0.397 | 0.289 | 0.243 |
2017 | 0.358 | 0.276 | 0.206 |
2018 | 0.327 | 0.286 | 0.199 |
2019 | 0.360 | 0.293 | 0.242 |
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