Journal of Geographical Sciences >
Correspondence between the large volcanic eruptions and ENSO events over AD 1525–2000
Fang Xiuqi (1962–), Professor, specialized in the research of environmental change. E-mail: xfang@bnu.edu.cn |
Received date: 2018-12-19
Accepted date: 2019-04-23
Online published: 2020-03-25
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China, No(41430528)
Copyright
Key words: ENSO; large volcanic eruptions (VEI≥4); regional volcanoes; relationship
FANG Xiuqi , ZHENG Xue , ZHANG Xing . Correspondence between the large volcanic eruptions and ENSO events over AD 1525–2000[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2020 , 30(1) : 103 -118 . DOI: 10.1007/s11442-020-1717-8
Figure 1 The chronology of different magnitudes of large volcanic eruptions (Siebert et al., 2011) and El Niño/La Niña events (Gergis and Fowler, 2009) from 1525 to 2000 |
Table 1 Amounts and percentage of ENSO events occurring in the two scenarios with and without large eruptions during 1525-2000 |
Volcanic eruption | El Niño | La Niña | ENSO |
---|---|---|---|
No-eruption (in the prior 0-2 years) | 51 (40.5%) | 75 (59.5%) | 126 (31.7%) |
Eruptions (in the prior 0-2 years) | 137 (50.4%) | 135 (49.6%) | 272 (68.3%) |
Total | 188 (47.2%) | 210 (52.8%) | 398 (100%) |
No-eruptions%: Eruptions% | 27.1: 72.9 | 35.7: 64.3 | 31.7: 68.3 |
Figure 2 ENSO events occurred in 0, +1, +2 years after large volcanic eruptions from 1525 to 2000 in global extent (a. percentage of ENSO events within 0-2 years of no-eruptions (inner ring) and eruptions (outer ring), respectively. b. years of El Niño, La Niña and all ENSO in 0, +1, and +2 years after an eruption) |
Figure 3 Percentages of large volcanic eruptions and ENSO events occurring within the 0-2 years following the large eruptions in the four regions of the Equator (E), the Low-Middle Latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere (LM-NH), the High Latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere (H-NH) and the Southern Hemisphere (SH) |
Figure 4 Percentages of ENSO events occurring in 0, +1 and +2 years after large volcanic eruptions in different regions and at global extent: the Equator (E), the Low-Middle Latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere (LM-NH), the High Latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere (H-NH), the Southern Hemisphere (SH) and Globe(G). Each column was divided into El Niño and La Niña events |
Figure 5 Percentages and accumulative percentages of various magnitudes of ENSO events within the following 0-2 years of no-eruptions and eruptions (a. ENSO, b. El Niño, c. La Niña) |
Figure 6 The numbers and accumulative percentages of various magnitudes of ENSO events occurred within the 0-2 years after a large volcanic eruption in four regions: (a) The Equator (E), (b) the low-middle latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere (LM-NH), (c) the high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere (H-NH), and (d) the Southern Hemisphere (SH) |
Figure 7 The continuity of the ENSO events and the magnitudes within 0-2 years after volcanic eruptions ((a) The percentages of volcanic eruptions followed by different amounts of ENSO events (1, 2 or 3 events) within the 3 years; (b) the percentages of the 2 consecutive ENSO events with different trend in magnitude; (c) the proportions of the 2 inconsecutive ENSO events with different trends in magnitude; (d) the proportions of the 3 consecutive ENSO events with different trends in magnitude) |
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