Journal of Geographical Sciences >
Spatial restructuring and land consolidation of urban-rural settlement in mountainous areas based on ecological niche perspective
Author: Yu Zhaowu (1990-), PhD Candidate, specialized in studies on urbanization and urban thermal environment effect. E-mail: zhyu@ign.ku.dk
Received date: 2017-02-03
Accepted date: 2017-04-18
Online published: 2018-02-10
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41301621
Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Scholarship Committee
Copyright
With the socio-economic development associated with urbanization, the urban-rural relationship has changed across the world. In China, due to the urban-rural dual structure, these changes turn out to be more complicated. Spatial restructuring are suggested as the main strategies and spatial supporting platforms for urban-rural development. However, the theory still lacks solid methodology and support from systematic empirical studies. This study seeks an adequate scientific methodology and discusses the difference of urban-rural transformation in plains and mountainous areas. A case in Shanghang County, China, demonstrates: 1) The compound ecological niche model can be a suitable approach in urban-rural restructuring, especially in mountainous areas. 2) The urban-rural development area with highly inappropriate, slightly appropriate, moderately appropriate, and highly appropriate areas are 1273.2 km2 (44.69%); 906.1 km2 (31.80%); 509.4 km2 (17.88%); and 160.1 km2 (5.62%), respectively. 3) The “deserting villages” in mountainous areas play positive synergistic roles in urbanization, in contrast to the “hollowing villages” common in plain areas. 4) The central town-village will become the most important settlement in mountainous areas. Therefore, we suggest more attention should be paid to environmental capacity in the construction of central town-villages. This study significantly extends the understanding of “hollowing village” theory and regional planning.
YU Zhaowu , XIAO Lishan , CHEN Xiji , HE Zhichao , GUO Qinghai , VEJRE Henrik . Spatial restructuring and land consolidation of urban-rural settlement in mountainous areas based on ecological niche perspective[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2018 , 28(2) : 131 -151 . DOI: 10.1007/s11442-018-1464-2
Figure 1 The study area |
Table 1 Suitability evaluation indicators and “realized” value in Shanghang County |
Evaluation indicators | Index properties | Realized index value | Weight | Total weight | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Range | Mean value | |||||
Ecological factors | X1 | Continuity, has boundary conditions | 0-2.96 | 1.37 | 0.153 | 0.441 |
X2 | Conceptual, no boundary conditions | — | — | 0.088 | ||
X3 | Conceptual, no boundary conditions | — | — | 0.107 | ||
X4 | Conceptual, has boundary conditions | — | — | 0.093 | ||
Living factors | X5 | Continuity, no boundary conditions | 0-0.026 | 0.0013 | 0.115 | 0.354 |
X6 | Continuity, no boundary conditions | 0.48-8.55 | 3.71 | 0.123 | ||
X7 | Continuity, no boundary conditions | 0-9.90 | 0.99 | 0.116 | ||
Production factors | X8/km | Continuity, has boundary conditions | 0-14.46 | 2.83 | 0.099 | 0.205 |
X9 | Continuity, no boundary conditions | 0-202.81 | 185.16 | 0.106 |
Annotation: X1: terrain niche; X2: aspect of slope; X3: soil erosion and geological disasters; X4: ecological function zone; X5: scale of town-village; X6: accessibility of central town-village; X7: road accessibility; X8: impact of watershed; X9: per capita arable land area and quality. |
Figure 2 The fitness value results of the ecological factors |
Figure 3 The fitness value results of the living factors |
Figure 4 The fitness value results of the production factors |
Table 2 The quantitative results of the aspect of slope |
Aspect | Area proportion (%) | Fitness value | Aspect | Area proportion (%) | Fitness value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Horizontal | 0.19 | 1.00 | South | 12.76 | 1.00 |
North | 5.97 | 0.25 | Southwest | 12.57 | 1.00 |
Northeast | 11.80 | 0.50 | West | 13.37 | 0.75 |
East | 12.76 | 0.75 | Northwest | 12.11 | 0.50 |
Southeast | 12.40 | 1.00 | North | 6.05 | 0.00 |
Table 3 Soil erosion level quantitative indicator |
Soil erosion sensitive level | Area (km2) | Area proportion (%) | Fitness value |
---|---|---|---|
Highly sensitive | 41.81 | 1.46 | 0.00 |
Moderately sensitive | 1907.93 | 66.84 | 0.25 |
Slightly sensitive | 718.03 | 25.15 | 0.50 |
General sensitive | 187.02 | 6.55 | 0.75 |
Table 4 Geological disasters level quantitative indicator |
Geological disasters level | Area (km2) | Area proportion (%) | Fitness value |
---|---|---|---|
Low risk area | 924.33 | 32.11 | 0.75 |
Moderate risk area | 1600.81 | 55.60 | 0.50 |
High risk area | 353.86 | 12.29 | 0.25 |
Figure 5 Classification of the urban-rural settlement lands suitability evaluation |
Table 5 The statistics of four type’s spatial restructuring area in Shanghang County |
Types | Number of settlement | Percentage of number (%) | Area of settlement (hm2) | Percentage of area (%) | Mean area of settlement (hm2) | Shape index | AWMPFD |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Priority development area | 126 | 15.52 | 1290.07 | 14.04 | 10.24 | 1.06 | 1.04 |
Moderate development area | 188 | 23.15 | 6008.39 | 65.38 | 31.96 | 1.03 | 1.05 |
Limited development area | 363 | 44.70 | 1309.46 | 14.25 | 3.61 | 1.31 | 1.12 |
Migrate-regulate area | 135 | 16.63 | 518.60 | 6.33 | 4.31 | 1.57 | 1.22 |
Figure 6 The images of three modes of change in rural settlements from the Google Earth |
Table 6 Landscape metrics analysis of urban-rural settlements in 2004 and 2014 |
Year | Mean area of general settlement (hm2) | Mean area of center town- village (hm2) | Mean value of perimeter of central town-village (m) | Mean value of perimeter-area ratio of central town-village | Shape index of central town-village | AWMPFD |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2004 | 4.88 | 60.15 | 2576.12 | 122.71 | 1.21 | 1.06 |
2014 | 11.32 | 276.25 | 645080.18 | 74.01 | 1.54 | 1.07 |
Figure 1 Urban-rural spatial restructuring and development direction in Shanghang County |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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