Journal of Geographical Sciences >
Spatial-temporal characteristics of lake area variations in Hoh Xil region from 1970 to 2011
Author: Yao Xiaojun (1980-), PhD Candidate, specialized in the research of GIS and lake evolution. E-mail: xj_yao@nwnu.edu.cn
Received date: 2013-07-22
Accepted date: 2013-08-29
Online published: 2014-04-20
Supported by
National Science-technology Support Plan Project, No.2012BAC19B07.National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41071044.No.41261016.No.41190084.Youth Teacher Scientific Capability Promoting Project of Northwest Normal Un.NWNU-LKQN-10-35
Copyright
As one of the areas with numerous lakes on the Tibetan Plateau, the Hoh Xil region plays an extremely important role in the fragile plateau eco-environment. Based on topographic maps in the 1970s and Landsat TM/ETM+ remote sensing images in the 1990s and the period from 2000 to 2011, the data of 83 lakes with an area above 10 km2 each were obtained by digitization method and artificial visual interpretation technology, and the causes for lake variations were also analyzed. Some conclusions can be drawn as follows. (1) From the 1970s to 2011, the lakes in the Hoh Xil region firstly shrank and then expanded. In particular, the area of lakes generally decreased during the 1970s-1990s. Then the lakes expanded from the 1990s to 2000 and the area was slightly higher than that in the 1970s. The area of lakes dramatically increased after 2000. (2) From 2000 to 2011, the lakes with different area ranks in the Hoh Xil region showed an overall expansion trend. Meanwhile, some regional differences were also discovered. Most of the lakes expanded and were widely distributed in the northern, central and western parts of the region. Some lakes were merged together or overflowed due to their rapid expansion. A small number of lakes with the trend of area decrease or strong fluctuation were scattered in the central and southern parts of the study area. And their variations were related to their own supply conditions or hydraulic connection with the downstream lakes or rivers. (3) The increase in precipitation was the dominant factor resulting in the expansion of lakes in the Hoh Xil region. The secondary factor was the increase in meltwater from glaciers and frozen soil due to climate warming.
YAO Xiaojun , LIU Shiyin , LI Long , SUN Meiping , LUO Jing . Spatial-temporal characteristics of lake area variations in Hoh Xil region from 1970 to 2011[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2014 , 24(4) : 689 -702 . DOI: 10.1007/s11442-014-1113-3
Figure 1 Location of the Hoh Xil region |
Table 1 Lake with the area above 10 km2 in the Hoh Xil region |
Name | Location* (°N, °E) | Area (km2) | Name | Location* (°N, °E) | Area (km2) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1970s | 2000s | 1970s | 2000s | ||||
Ulan Ula | 34.81, 90.48 | 552.30 | 564.05 | Dogai Coring | 34.59, 88.95 | 369.38 | 476.00 |
Xijir Ulan | 35.21, 90.34 | 351.83 | 383.61 | Hoh Xil | 35.59, 91.14 | 305.81 | 319.51 |
Hoh Sai | 35.74, 92.86 | 265.03 | 274.38 | Huiten Nor | 35.55, 91.92 | 260.00 | 264.98 |
Lisioidain Co | 35.75, 90.20 | 229.55 | 245.56 | Dogaicoring Qangco | 35.31, 89.26 | 210.50 | 302.95 |
Dorge Co | 35.23, 92.14 | 148.52 | 206.29 | Memar Co | 34.22, 82.31 | 138.04 | 146.21 |
Bairab Co | 35.03, 83.13 | 127.62 | 137.25 | Yinma | 35.60, 90.62 | 107.72 | 108.46 |
Aru Co | 33.99, 82.40 | 104.72 | 104.88 | Taiyang | 35.93, 90.63 | 101.04 | 102.59 |
Xiangyang | 35.80, 89.42 | 98.31 | 100.19 | Heishi Beihu | 35.56, 82.75 | 94.26 | 99.59 |
Jianshui | 35.30, 83.12 | 89.24 | 128.52 | Mingjing | 35.07, 90.55 | 87.53 | 91.42 |
Qoima Co | 33.89, 91.19 | 86.44 | 89.22 | Yuye | 36.01, 88.76 | 80.87 | 116.28 |
Margai Caka | 35.13, 86.75 | 80.08 | 139.16 | Cuodarima | 35.33, 91.85 | 77.29 | 72.52 |
Yang | 35.43, 84.65 | 75.44 | 114.06 | Botao | 34.01, 89.95 | 73.22 | 72.38 |
Yonghong | 35.25, 89.97 | 70.34 | 70.47 | Telashi | 34.81, 92.22 | 68.82 | 60.89 |
Co Nyi | 34.57, 87.27 | 66.66 | 130.24 | Kekao | 35.70, 91.37 | 63.69 | 62.11 |
Chamu Co | 34.34, 91.59 | 61.74 | 68.18 | Laorite Co | 33.73, 90.01 | 58.94 | 59.08 |
Rola Co | 35.41, 88.38 | 57.68 | 139.57 | Yongbo Co | 35.74, 86.69 | 56.53 | 60.03 |
Xuejing | 35.98, 87.36 | 52.78 | 71.67 | Xuelian | 34.09, 90.26 | 51.22 | 54.74 |
Deyu Co | 35.69, 87.26 | 47.66 | 55.30 | Zhenquan | 35.92, 86.97 | 43.70 | 62.20 |
Xuehuan | 35.01, 88.05 | 41.92 | 42.56 | Xuemei | 36.29, 88.27 | 39.66 | 46.48 |
Yongbo | 34.96, 89.23 | 37.74 | 40.47 | Qqiden Co | 34.37, 87.49 | 37.29 | 32.25 |
Haiding | 35.58, 93.17 | 35.58 | 45.60 | Weishan | 35.96, 89.23 | 33.85 | 35.18 |
Kushuihuan | 35.99, 90.12 | 33.54 | 35.73 | Yinbo | 36.19, 88.14 | 33.12 | 40.40 |
Yan | 35.53, 93.41 | 32.65 | 42.82 | Xianhe | 35.99, 88.09 | 32.34 | 37.10 |
Huangshui | 34.33, 87.70 | 30.82 | 28.29 | Hulu | 34.42, 91.03 | 29.98 | 32.12 |
Dao | 34.75, 83.90 | 29.06 | 52.82 | Chainjoin Co | 35.56, 90.22 | 27.51 | 34.84 |
Golu Co | 34.60, 92.46 | 26.05 | 21.40 | Qingwa | 34.71, 86.40 | 25.54 | 25.45 |
N3431E8907** | 34.31, 90.07 | 25.34 | ① | Longzhou | 35.06, 86.93 | 23.83 | ② |
Dongyue | 34.38, 89.21 | 23.32 | 24.50 | Chaoyang | 35.28, 87.25 | 22.98 | 68.40 |
Qiagong Co | 34.43, 82.34 | 22.87 | 26.28 | Tupo Co | 34.51, 87.09 | 22.45 | ③ |
Hehua | 36.14, 88.99 | 21.32 | 22.97 | Danbing | 35.46, 88.45 | 20.94 | ④ |
Tao | 36.17, 89.32 | 20.18 | 25.96 | Taiping | 34.29, 89.71 | 20.17 | 25.30 |
Yishan | 35.24, 90.91 | 18.58 | 22.11 | Yake Co | 34.70, 87.19 | 18.21 | 2.82 |
Hengliang | 34.88, 89.06 | 17.85 | 19.44 | Wandou | 34.56, 90.85 | 17.63 | 18.16 |
Jieyue | 35.07, 90.27 | 17.37 | 17.42 | Baitan | 34.56, 88.58 | 17.03 | 20.86 |
Yueliang | 35.61, 90.38 | 16.02 | 27.78 | Hulu Chi | 35.04, 87.02 | 15.80 | 80.09 |
Haobo | 34.40, 88.00 | 15.33 | 19.47 | Yupan | 34.91, 88.38 | 15.26 | 18.80 |
Yingtian | 34.43, 88.07 | 14.92 | 16.70 | Yanzi | 33.87, 89.93 | 14.92 | 17.37 |
N3517E9155** | 35.17, 91.55 | 14.66 | 14.13 | N3412E8944** | 34.12, 89.44 | 13.82 | 16.76 |
Zairizixia | 35.23, 91.21 | 12.81 | 11.86 | Qianshui | 34.63, 88.81 | 12.64 | ⑤ |
Maria Co | 34.20, 91.69 | 12.57 | 11.69 | Wan’an | 34.43, 88.56 | 12.21 | 18.24 |
Shuanglian | 35.50, 88.30 | 10.62 | 30.02 | Gaotai | 35.41, 90.96 | 10.29 | 10.78 |
N3531E9312** | 35.31, 93.20 | 10.34 | ⑥ |
Note: * The location is the geographical coordinate of lake’s centroid; ** denotes the unnamed lake which is labeled using its centroid coordinate. ① is merged with Dogai Coring Lake; ② is merged with Hulu Chi Lake; ③ is merged with Co Nyi Lake; ④ is merged with Rola Co Lake; ⑤ is merged with Dogai Coring Lake; ⑥ is merged with Haiding Lake. |
Table 2 Landsat TM/ETM+ remote sensing images used in this study |
Path/row | Image acquisition date |
---|---|
137/035 | 1991/10/09*; 2000/10/09; 2001/10/28; 2002/10/15; 2003/12/21; 2004/11/05; 2005/12/26; 2006/11/11; 2007/10/05*; 2007/11/14; 2008/12/18; 2009/12/21; 2010/11/22; 2011/11/25 |
138/035 | 1990/11/14*; 2000/12/27*; 2001/10/03; 2002/10/06; 2003/10/09; 2004/12/30; 2005/12/27; 2006/12/20; 2007/01/29*; 2007/11/21; 2008/10/22; 2009/11/26; 2010/10/12; 2011/10/31 |
138/036 | 1990/11/14*; 2000/12/27*; 2001/10/03; 2002/10/06; 2003/10/09; 2004/10/19*; 2004/12/30; 2005/12/17; 2006/11/02; 2006/11/10*; 2007/11/21; 2008/12/01; 2008/12/09; 2009/10/25; 2010/12/25; 2011/12/18 |
138/037 | 1990/11/14*; 2000/10/16; 2001/10/19; 2002/10/22; 2003/10/09; 2004/10/11; 2005/12/17; 2006/12/20; 2007/10/20; 2008/01/16*; 2008/12/17*; 2009/10/25; 2010/12/31; 2011/12/18 |
139/035 | 1989/11/02*; 2000/10/07; 2001/10/26; 2002/10/13; 2003/12/19; 2004/11/03; 2005/11/22; 2006/10/08; 2007/10/11; 2008/12/16; 2009/11/01; 2010/12/06; 2011/10/22 |
139/036 | 1989/10/01*; 2000/10/07; 2000/11/16*; 2001/11/11; 2002/10/13; 2003/10/16; 2004/10/18; 2005/11/22; 2006/09/30*; 2006/11/09; 2007/12/30; 2008/12/16; 2009/11/01; 2010/12/06; 2011/10/22 |
139/037 | 1990/11/05*; 2000/12/18*; 2001/11/11; 2002/12/16; 2003/10/16; 2004/11/19; 2005/11/14*; 2005/12/08; 2006/11/09; 2007/12/30; 2008/12/16; 2009/12/03; 2010/12/06; 2011/12/09 |
140/035 | 1992/09/30; 2000/11/07*; 2001/10/01; 2002/10/04; 2003/10/07; 2004/10/25; 2005/12/15; 2006/10/07*; 2007/11/03; 2008/12/07; 2009/10/23; 2009/11/24; 2010/11/27; 2011/11/14 |
140/036 | 1992/11/17*; 2000/10/03; 2000/11/07*; 2001/10/01; 2002/10/04; 2003/10/07; 2004/10/25; 2005/12/15; 2006/10/07*; 2006/10/31; 2007/09/24*; 2007/12/05; 2008/12/07; 2009/09/29; 2010/11/11; 2011/11/30 |
141/035 | 1989/01/24*; 2000/10/29*; 2001/11/01*; 2002/10/11; 2003/10/14; 2004/11/17; 2005/11/20; 2006/10/06; 2007/11/26; 2008/11/12; 2009/10/30; 2010/12/04; 2011/12/23 |
141/036 | 1989/01/24*; 2000/10/13*; 2000/11/30*; 2001/11/01*; 2001/12/03; 2002/10/11; 2003/10/14; 2004/11/17; 2005/11/20; 2006/10/06; 2007/12/28; 2008/11/12; 2009/10/30; 2010/10/17; 2010/11/02; 2011/12/23 |
142/036 | 1989/03/04*; 2000/10/28; 2001/11/16; 2002/11/03; 2003/11/22; 2004/12/10; 2005/12/13; 2006/10/29; 2007/11/17; 2008/11/03; 2009/11/06; 2010/11/17*; 2011/11/28 |
143/035 | 1989/01/22*; 2000/11/04; 2001/11/23; 2002/11/26; 2003/11/29; 2004/11/15; 2005/11/18; 2006/10/12*; 2007/12/26; 2008/10/25; 2009/12/31; 2010/10/15; 2011/11/19 |
143/036 | 1989/01/22; 2000/11/04; 2001/11/23; 2002/11/26; 2003/11/29; 2004/11/15; 2005/12/20; 2006/11/21; 2007/12/26; 2008/11/10; 2009/12/31; 2010/11/16; 2011/12/21 |
144/035 | 1990/08/20*; 2000/12/29; 2001/11/14; 2002/10/16; 2003/11/20; 2004/12/08; 2005/12/11; 2006/11/12; 2007/10/30; 2008/11/01; 2009/12/14*; 2010/11/07; 2011/11/26 |
144/036 | 1992/10/12*; 2000/12/13; 2001/11/14; 2002/11/01; 2003/11/04; 2004/12/08; 2005/11/25; 2006/12/30; 2007/12/01; 2008/12/03; 2009/12/06; 2010/12/01*; 2011/11/26 |
Note: * denotes Landsat TM remote sensing image and NA denotes Landsat ETM+ remote sensing image. |
Figure 2 The area variation of lakes in the Hoh Xil region during 1970-2011 |
Figure 3 Variation of area and number of different-sized lakes in the Hoh Xil region |
Figure 4 Area variation tendencies of lakes in the Hoh Xil region during 2000-2011 |
Figure 5 Precipitation variation observed in Wudaoliang, Gerze and Shiquanhe meteorological stations during 1970-2011 |
Figure 6 The variation of potential annual evapotranspiration calculated from Wudaoliang, Gerze and Shiquanhe meteorological stations during 1970-2011 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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