Journal of Geographical Sciences >
The influence of large dams building on resettlement in the Upper Mekong River
Received date: 2013-04-20
Revised date: 2013-05-27
Online published: 2013-10-15
Supported by
The Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.U1202232; National Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the 12th Five-Year Plan Period, No.2013BAB06B03; Key Project of National Social Science Foundation of China, No.11AZD04
This paper seeks to quantify the social and economic impact of resettlement based on the physiographic element changes post relocation. We focus on communities affected by the Nuozhadu hydropower project, the largest existing hydropower project on the mainstream of the Upper Mekong River. Soil and meteorological data were collected from the Soil Spatial Database and the China Terrestrial Ecological Information Spatial Meteorology Database, while social and economic data were collected via field surveys. We have three major conclusions: (1) Communities will be relocated to a new climate and new elevation, moving from a north tropical climate zone under 700 m to a subtropical climate zone above 700 m. (2) Physiographic element changes due to relocation will reduce household economic income. After relocation, the annual family income of the Shidaimao group decreased by 62%; the annual family income of the other 5 study groups (Lasa, Hani, Nochangchangyi, Mengsa, and Dawazi) dropped by 65%. (3) Communities relocated across the study township are 61.1% less connected with their former relatives after relocation while family-to-family free labor exchange, a previous community norm, decreased by 91%. China's dam resettlement compensation system focuses on the loss of economic resources after relocation. However, this study finds that the physiographic elements of the relocation sites are an important driver of ensuring economic growth and stability after relocation. As a result, we recommend more attention be paid to physiographic continuity when designing relocation models.
ZHANG Yong, HE Daming, LU Ying, FENG Yan, Jake REZNICK . The influence of large dams building on resettlement in the Upper Mekong River[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2013 , 23(5) : 947 -957 . DOI: 10.1007/s11442-013-1054-2
ADB (Asian Development Bank), 1995. Involuntary Resettlement.
Bourdieu P, 1986. The forms of capital. In: Richardson J (ed.). Handbook of Theory and Research in the Sociology of Education. New York: Greenwood Press, 241-258.
CERN (Chinese Ecosystem Research Network), 2003. China Terrestrial Ecological Information Spatial Meteorology Database. http://159.226.111.42/pingtai/webgis/shujuji.jsp. (in Chinese)
Cernea M M, Mcdowell C, 2000. Risk and reconstruction: Experience of resettlers and refuges. Washington D. C.World Bank.
Chen Shaojun, Shi Guoqing, Hu Feifan et al., 2004. Methods for determining target value of income restoration of reservoir induced resettlers. Journal of Hohai University (Natural Science), 32(3): 337-339. (in Chinese)
China Middle and Long Term Energy Development Strategy Research Group (CMLT), 2011. China Middle and
Long Term Energy Development Strategy Research: Renewable Energy. Beijing: Science Press. (in Chinese)
Coal Study, 2013. The installation capacity of Chinese wind power and hydropower ranks No.1 in the world respectively in 2012. http://www.coalstudy.com/cn/Article/zxpd/dlzx/dl/201301/21759.html. (in Chinese)
Coleman J S, 1988. Social capital in the creation of human capital. American Journal of Sociology, 9(Suppl.): 95-120.
Coleman J S, 1990. Foundations of Social Capital Theory. Cambridge, Mass: Belknap.
Edward R, Xu Jianchu, 2011. Mekong hydropower development. Science, 332(6026): 178-179.
Hao Yuzhang, Feng Xiaotian, 2005. A research on the social adaptability of migrants of Three Gorges and its influential factors: Based on an investigation into 227 outward migrants in Jiangsu Province. Market and Demographic Analysis, 11(6): 62-77. (in Chinese)
He Daming, Feng Yan, Hu Jinming, 2007. Utilization of Water Reserouces and Environmental Conservations in the International Rivers, Southwest China. Beijing: Science Press. (in Chinese)
He Daming, Tang Qicheng, 2000. International Rivers. Beijing: Science Press. (in Chinese)
Lin Nan, 2001. Social Capital: A Theory of Structure and Action. London: Cambridge University Press.
Lin Wei, 2011. Think about the group event from migrants living in reservoir area under the rule of law. Journal of Chinese People's Public Security University (Social Science Edition), 3: 127-132. (in Chinese)
Liu Weiping, 2009. Guiding reservoir resettlement and promoting construction of socialist harmonious society with scientific outlook. Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, 40(8): 117-121. (in Chinese)
Liu Xinyou, He Daming, 2012. A new assessment method for comprehensive impact of hydropower development on runoff and sediment changes. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 22(6): 1034-1044.
ONS (Office for National Statistics), 2001. Social Capital: A Review of the Literature. London: Office for National Statistics.
OSNSSC (Office for the Second National Soil Survey of China, 1995. Soil Map of People's Republic of China.Beijing: China Cartographic Press. (in Chinese)
Putnam R D, 2000. Boling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York & London:Simon & Schuster.
Scudder T, 2005. The Future of Large Dams. London: Earthscan.
Sheng Jichuan, Shi Guoqing, 2008. Economic analysis on the poverty reasons for reservoir resettlement. Issue in Agriculture Economy, 12: 43-46. (in Chinese)
Swainson L, McGregort A, 2008. Compensating for development: Oorang Asli experiences of Malyaysia's Sungai Selangor dam. Asia Pacific Viewpoint, 49(2): 155-167.
Szreter S, 2002. The state of social capital: Bringing back in power, politics and history. Theory and Society, 31(5): 573-621.
Tang H, Yang D G, Zhang X H et al., 2012. Ecological migration effects on the Tianchi Scenic Area in Xinjiang:From the perspective of migrant farmer families. Journal of Arid Land, 4(1): 95-104, doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1227.2012.00095.
The State Council (SC), 2013. 12th Five Years Planning of Energy Development. http://finance.eastmoney.com/ news/1345,20130124270052034.html. (in Chinese)
Uphoff N, 2000. Understanding social capital: Learning from the analysis and experience of participation. In:Parthadas Gand Serageldin S. Social Capital: A Multifaceted Perspective. Washington D. C.: World Bank.
Van Deth J W, 2008. Measuring social capital. In: Gastiglione D, Van Deth J W, Wolleb G. The Handbook of Social Capital. New York: Oxfam University Press, 150-173.
WCD, 2000. Dam and Development. London: Earthscan Publication.
Webber M, McDonald B, 2004. Involuntary resettlement, production and income: Evidence from Xiaolangdi,
PRC. World Development, 32(4): 673-690.
Woolcock M, 1988. Social capital and economic development: Toward a theoretical synthesis and policy framework.Theory and Society, 27(2): 151-208.
Woolcock M, 2001. The place of social capital in understanding social and economic outcomes. Canadian Journal of Policy Research, 2(1): 11-17.
World Bank, 2001. Operational Policy 4.12: Involuntary Resettlement.
Wu Shaohong, Dai Erfu, He Daming, 2005. Major research perspectives on environmental and developmental issues for the Longitudinal-Gorge Region (LRGR) in southwestern China. Progress in Geography, 24(1): 31-40. (in Chinese)
Xu Jiajun, Peng Juan, Shi Guoqing, 2006. Social integration of Three Gorges immigrants and coastal resettlement areas. Journal of Economics of Water Resources, 5: 73-77. (in Chinese)
Xu Jiajun, Shi Guoqing, 2002. Study of difficulty in social integration between Three Gorge cross province relocated people and host communities in coast area. Journal of Hohai University (Philosophy and Social Sciences), 4(1): 17-19. (in Chinese)
Xu Yue, 2005. Rural resettlement of Nuozhadu hydropower station. Water Power, 31(5): 20-22. (in Chinese)
Zuo Ping, 1998. Work summarization of Sanmenxia reservoir (in Hennan & Shanxi) and Dongpinghu reservoir displacements left problem disposal. Water Power, 20(3): 35-43. (in Chinese)
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |