Journal of Geographical Sciences ›› 2014, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (5): 924-942.doi: 10.1007/s11442-014-1129-8
• Orginal Article • Previous Articles Next Articles
Qiliang MAO1,2, Fei WANG1,2, Jun LI1,2, Suocheng DONG1
Received:
2014-01-15
Accepted:
2014-02-16
Online:
2014-05-20
Published:
2014-05-20
About author:
Author: Mao Qiliang, PhD, specialized in regional economics and industrial location. E-mail: more1987@163.com
Supported by:
Qiliang MAO, Fei WANG, Jun LI, Suocheng DONG. Evolving a core-periphery pattern of manufacturing industries across Chinese provinces[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2014, 24(5): 924-942.
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Table 1
Indicators of industrial characteristic
Industrial characteristic | Measurement | |
---|---|---|
j = 1 | Intermediate input ratio | Intermediate inputs, % of output |
j = 2 | Ultimate consumption ratio | Domestic consumption, % of total sale |
j = 3 | Scale economy | Employment per enterprise |
j = 4 | Labor intensity | Percentage of labor wage in output, % of output |
j = 5 | Higher skills intensity | Share of higher educated workers in workforce |
j = 6 | Energy intensity | Energy consumption per output, ton standard coal |
j = 7 | Tax rate | Percentage of tax in output, % of output |
j = 8 | State-owned enterprise raito | Percentage of state-owned enterprise in total enterprise, % of total enterprise |
Table 2
Definition of independent variables
Regional characteristic ( | Industrial characteristic ( | Hypothesis | |
---|---|---|---|
j = 1 | Centrality (Centrality) | Intermediate input ratio (Input) | Hypothesis 1 |
j = 2 | Centrality (Centrality) | Ultimate consumption ratio (Dmnd) | Hypothesis 2 |
j = 3 | Centrality (Centrality) | Scale economy (Scale) | Hypothesis 3 |
j = 4 | Labor endowment (L-endmnt) | Labor intensity (L-inten) | Hypothesis 4 |
j = 5 | High skills- endowment (H-endmnt) | Higher skills intensity (H-inten) | Hypothesis 5 |
j = 6 | Energy endowment (Eng-endmnt) | Energy intensity (Eng-inten) | Hypothesis 5 |
j = 7 | Local protection (Local) | Tax rate (Tax) | Hypothesis 6 |
j = 8 | Local protection (Local) | State-owned enterprise raito (State) | Hypothesis 6 |
Table 3
Correlation coefficients between location quotient and centrality index (1980-2008)
Sector | 1980 | 1985 | 1995 | 2004 | 2008 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Food processing | - | - | -0.4105** | -0.2229* | -0.3899** |
Food production | -0.5044*** | -0.5248*** | -0.0590 | -0.1254 | -0.2046 |
Beverage production | -0.2515 | -0.3488* | -0.2516 | -0.2970 | -0.2676 |
Tabaco processing | -0.1824 | -0.2025 | -0.2215 | -0.1815 | -0.1810 |
Feed manufacturing | 0.4954*** | 0.0718 | - | - | - |
Textile industry | 0.2534 | 0.2205 | -0.0122 | 0.0159 | 0.0007 |
Garments & other fiber products | - | - | 0.4604** | 0.3243* | 0.2247 |
Leather, furs, down & related products | -0.1927 | -0.1982 | -0.0908 | 0.0447 | -0.0144 |
Timber processing, bamboo, cane, palm fiber & straw products | -0.1036 | -0.1291 | -0.1991 | -0.1769 | -0.2915* |
Furniture manufacturing | -0.3285** | -0.2417 | -0.1485 | 0.2593 | 0.2409 |
Papermaking & paper products | -0.1241 | -0.1557 | -0.2946 | -0.0999 | -0.0863 |
Printing & record pressing | -0.2045 | -0.1197 | -0.2138 | -0.0184 | -0.0246 |
Stationery, educational & sports goods | 0.8618*** | 0.7963*** | 0.4633*** | 0.4412** | 0.3442* |
Petroleum processing | -0.0587 | -0.1353 | - | - | - |
Coking products, & gas production & supply | 0.4626** | 0.4010** | - | - | - |
Petroleum processing, Coking products, & gas production & supply | - | - | -0.0575 | -0.1457 | -0.1552 |
Raw chemical materials & chemical products | 0.1798 | 0.2416 | -0.0781 | -0.1218 | -0.1950 |
Medical & pharmaceutical products | 0.1947 | 0.0521 | -0.0628 | -0.2211 | -0.2216 |
Chemical fibers | 0.7643*** | 0.7979*** | 0.3251* | 0.0504 | 0.0064 |
Rubber products | 0.0232 | 0.0796 | -0.0312 | 0.0664 | 0.0776 |
Plastic products | 0.1082 | 0.1829 | 0.0462 | 0.2367 | 0.2562 |
Nonmetal mineral products | -0.5341*** | -0.5941*** | -0.4634*** | -0.2413* | -0.3005* |
Smelting & pressing of ferrous metals | 0.1792 | 0.1601 | 0.1648 | -0.0363 | -0.0167 |
Smelting & pressing of nonferrous metals | -0.0692 | -0.0783 | -0.2389 | -0.2733 | -0.2877 |
Metal products | 0.3268* | 0.4091** | 0.3639** | 0.5611*** | 0.5404*** |
Machinery manufacturing | 0.0873 | 0.0730 | - | - | - |
Machinery & equipment manufacturing | - | - | 0.2073 | 0.4077** | 0.4740*** |
Special equipment manufacturing | - | - | 0.0235 | 0.1615 | 0.2795 |
Transportation equipment manufacturing | -0.1849 | -0.1822 | 0.1512 | 0.0274 | 0.1411 |
Electric equipment & machinery | 0.3733** | 0.2818 | 0.3335* | 0.3674** | 0.3403* |
Electronic & telecommunications | 0.5434*** | 0.3652** | 0.4736*** | 0.6469*** | 0.7024*** |
Instruments, meters, cultural & official machinery | 0.2826 | 0.2894 | 0.5641*** | 0.4860*** | 0.5477*** |
Table 4
Results of the least square estimation
1985 | 1995 | 2004 | 2008 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Interactions | ||||
Centrality×Input | 0.1434 (0.0881) | 0.1024*** (0.0243) | 0.0446*** (0.0118) | 0.0269*** (0.0076) |
Centrality×Dmnd | 0.0292 (0.0268) | 0.0309*** (0.0071) | 0.0160*** (0.0034) | 0.0101*** (0.0022) |
Centrality×Scale | 0.0201*** (0.0074) | -0.0021 (0.0030) | 0.0010* (0.0015) | 0.0019* (0.0028) |
L-endmnt×L-inten | -0.0001 (0.0034) | 0.0001* (0.0000) | -0.0001 (0.0000) | 0.0001 (0.0000) |
Hc-endmnt×Hc-inten | -0.0016 (0.0049) | -0.0006 (0.0008) | -0.0007* (0.0004) | -0.0002 (0.0002) |
Eng-endmnt×Eng-inten | 0.0717 (0.0500) | 0.0778*** (0.0301) | 0.0849*** (0.0264) | 0.0582*** (0.0187) |
Other variables | ||||
Manu | 0.8834*** (0.1208) | 0.7545*** (0.0957) | 0.6721*** (0.1247) | 0.5921*** (0.1325) |
Pop | 0.1633 (0.1596) | 0.3467** (0.1258) | 0.4683*** (0.1539) | 0.5977*** (0.1670) |
Fdm | -0.0550 (0.1084) | 0.0030* (0.0691) | 0.1558* (0.0898) | 0.1879** (0.0933) |
Path | 0.8939*** (0.0127) | 0.9083*** (0.0207) | 1.0111*** (0.0285) | 0.9258*** (0.0177) |
Local×Tax | 22.6602 (15.6260) | 19.7197 (10.7284) | 2.4767 (2.7029) | 1.4283 (1.3357) |
Local×State | 56.1146* (36.8005) | 35.7379** (26.6363) | 27.3633* (16.6759) | 2.7619 (3.3154) |
Adjusted R-squared | 0.8466 | 0.8614 | 0.8840 | 0.8295 |
S.E. | 0. 653 | 0. 721 | 0. 701 | 0. 692 |
Number of obs | 765 | 826 | 866 | 872 |
Table 5
Results of estimation by two stages least square
1985 | 1995 | 2004 | 2008 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Interactions | ||||
Centrality×Input | -0.1499 (0.3638) | 0.1727** (0.0448) | 0.0483*** (0.0133) | 0.0277*** (0.0077) |
Centrality×Dmnd | -0.0013 (0.0403) | 0.0337** (0.0078) | 0.0155*** (0.0034) | 0.0102*** (0.0021) |
Centrality×Scale | 0.0314*** (0.0098) | 0.0097 (0.0076) | 0.0146** (0.0056) | 0.0071** (0.0038) |
L-endmnt×L-inten | -0.0034 (0.0061) | -0.0001 (0.0001) | -0.0002** (0.0001) | -0.0001** (0.00003) |
Hc-endmnt×Hc-inten | 0.0015 (0.0055) | 0.0009 (0.0010) | 0.0011* (0.0007) | 0.0051** (0.0002) |
Eng-endmnt×Eng-inten | 0.0850 (0.0522) | 0.0787** (0.0318) | 0.0880*** (0.0292) | 0.0536*** (0.0200) |
Other variables | ||||
Man | 0.8982*** (0.1201) | 0.7701*** (0.0973) | 0.6702*** (0.1231) | 0.6284*** (0.1298) |
Pop | 0.1492 (0.1586) | 0.3331*** (0.1276) | 0.4692*** (0.1519) | 0.5818*** (0.1649) |
Fdm | -0.0560 (0.1076) | 0.0027** (0.0700) | 0.156*** (0.0887) | 0.1881** (0.0411) |
Path | 0.8989*** (0.0134) | 0.9183*** (0.0231) | 1.0435*** (0.0334) | 0.9239*** (0.0176) |
Local×Tax | -7.8106 (26.3684) | 9.0357 (6.7800) | 0.3379 (2.9996) | 1.4541 (1.3498) |
Local×State | 43.0539** (44.0992) | 37.4653** (28.7800) | 17.7382* (9.3935) | 2.6360* (3.4418) |
Adjusted R-squared | 0.8411 | 0.8573 | 0.8278 | 0.8264 |
S.E. | 0. 639 | 0. 711 | 0. 693 | 0. 671 |
Number of obs | 765 | 826 | 866 | 872 |
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