Understanding the spatial heterogeneity of grazing pressure in the Three-River-Source Region on the Tibetan Plateau

doi:10.1007/s11442-023-2147-1

Abstract

Abstract:

Elucidating the distribution of the grazing pressure requires an understanding of the grazing activities. In this study, we analyzed the grazing behavior of yaks in Three-River- Source Region (TRSR) and identified the main factors influencing the distribution of grazing intensity (GI) using trajectory data and remote sensing datasets. Our results revealed that a semi-resident transhumance strategy is employed in this region. The average grazing time (GT) of four GPS collars over the year was 11.84 h/day (N6), 11.01 h/day (N11), 9.25 h/day (N18), and 11.61 h/day (N24). GT was generally higher in warm seasons (summer and autumn) than in cold seasons (spring and winter). The average daily moving speed was found to be closely related to the pasture size of different herders and the seasons. Geodetector analysis identified the distance to camp (DOC) as the most important single factor influencing the distribution of GI, explaining up to 52% of the GI variations. However, relying solely on this factor may not accurately depict the actual GI distribution. When pairwise factors interacted, the explanatory power of the model increased, ranging from 34.55% to 63.26%. Our study highlights the importance of considering multiple factors when predicting grazing intensity, as grazing activities tend to cluster near settlements, but other factors may also be influential.

Key words: grazing intensity, GPS-tracking, spatial heterogeneity, yak, Tibetan Plateau

GU Changjun, LIU Linshan, ZHANG Yili, WEI Bo, CUI Bohao, GONG Dianqing. Understanding the spatial heterogeneity of grazing pressure in the Three-River-Source Region on the Tibetan Plateau[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2023, 33(8): 1660-1680.

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Month	N6	N11	N18	N24
1	16724	14802	6535	17694
2	20826	16521	15066	16944
3	16097	16814	16008	17919
4	14956	13081	16736	14977
5	24786	15124	24575	19966
6	19404	14783	20521	21365
7	18598	17251	12824	18627
8	13130	22483	17355	21545
9	10021	20469	13910	17042
10	7909	8894	17366	18087
11	2945	11916	17280	15958
12	17458	14679	18456	16100
Total	182854	186817	196632	216224

	Spring			Summer			Autumn			Winter
	Avg	Min	Max	Avg	Min	Max	Avg	Min	Max	Avg	Min	Max
Start	10:16	6:38	17:12	8:08	5:58	14:27	9:40	7:43	12:26	11:26	10:29	13:57
End	19:52	11:21	22:39	20:48	19:18	23:05	19:55	18:02	21:19	18:33	11:00	20:13
GT	9:36			12:40			10:15			7:07

	Data source	Resolution	Year
Elevation	NASA SRTM Digital Elevation 30 m, https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/search	30 m×30 m	2000
Slope	Obtained from DEM	30 m×30 m	2000
Aspects	Obtained from DEM	30 m×30 m	2000
NDVI	Landsat 8 Collection 1 Tier 1 32-Day NDVI Composite, https://earthengine.google.com/	30 m×30 m	2016-2021 (Monthly average)
Distance to camp (DOC)	Digitization of google earth images	——
Distance to road (DOD)	Digitization of google earth images	——
Distance to river (DOR)	Digitization of google earth images	——
Month	——	——

q-statistics	Elevation	Slope	Aspect	NDVI	Distance to camp (DOC)	Distance to road (DOD)	Distance to river (DOR)	Month
N6	0.16	0.02	0.02	0.09	0.12	0.15	0.01	0.34
N11	0.10	0.04	0.01	0.03	0.19	0.07	0.04	0.05
N18	0.02	0.01	0	0.02	0.20	0.08	0.03	0.05
N24	0.03	0.04	0.02	0.09	0.52	0.13	0.04	0.25

	Elevation (m)	Slope (°)	Aspect	NDVI	DOC (m)	DOR (m)	DOD (m)	Month
N6	4000-4030	3.68-7.81	20-73.7	0.16-0.24	12.3-270	653-816	42.7-138	1
N11	4080-4130	1.85-2.9	178-237	0.41-0.55	40.8-87.2	0.04-44.9	0.07-321	6
N18	4258-4261	3.57-4.48	182-243	0.08-0.17	28.9-65.9	252-336	0.07-3.58	1
N24	4033-4041	4.98-9.25	211-236	0.16-0.26	49.8-112	112-194	40.4-107	1