
Geomorphology-oriented digital terrain analysis: Progress and perspectives
XIONG Liyang, TANG Guoan, YANG Xin, LI Fayuan
Journal of Geographical Sciences ›› 2021, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (3) : 456-476.
Geomorphology-oriented digital terrain analysis: Progress and perspectives
Digital terrain analysis (DTA) is one of the most important contents in the research of geographical information science (GIS). However, on the basis of the digital elevation model (DEM), many problems exist in the current research of DTA in geomorphological studies. For instance, the current DTA research appears to be focused more on morphology, phenomenon, and modern surface rather than mechanism, process, and underlying terrain. The current DTA research needs to be urgently transformed from the study of landform morphology to one focusing on landform process and mechanism. On this basis, this study summarizes the current research status of geomorphology-oriented DTA and systematically reviews and analyzes the research about the knowledge of geomorphological ontology, terrain modeling, terrain derivative calculation, and terrain analytical methods. With the help of DEM data, DTA research has the advantage of carrying out geomorphological studies from the perspective of surface morphology. However, the study of DTA has inherent defects in terms of data expression and analytic patterns. Thus, breakthroughs in basic theories and key technologies are necessary. Moreover, scholars need to realize that DTA research must be transformed from phenomenon to mechanism, from morphology to process, and from terrain to landform. At present, the research development of earth science has reached the critical stage in which the DTA research should focus more on geomorphological ontology. Consequently, this study proposes several prospects of geomorphology-oriented DTA from the aspects of value-added DEM data model, terrain derivatives and their spatial relations, and macro-terrain analysis. The study of DTA based on DEM is at a critical period along with the issue on whether the current GIS technology can truly support the development of geography. The research idea of geomorphology-oriented DTA is expected to be an important exploration and practice in the field of GIS.
digital terrain analysis / geomorphology / ontology / digital elevation model / terrain derivative / geographical information science {{custom_keyword}} /
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Planation surface is a remnant of landform in old age and the erosion surface is of a mature landform, according to the Davisian cycle. Studies on the long-term landscape evolution show that there are four types of planation surface, peneplain, pediplain, double leveling surfaces and cryoplain. The peneplain is formed through lowering of relief in wet region. The pediplain is developed by slope retreating in dry region. The double leveling surfaces appeares in Savanna landscape. The cryoplain is formed in periglacial environment. Measurement of erosion rates and retreating rates of slope indicated that formation of planation surface needs the tectonic equability for severl million years or thousands million years. In the the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, there are two planation surfaces and one erosion surface, Summit Surface, Main Surface and Erosion Surface. The Summit Surface have formed in the Oligocene and early Miocene, and the Main Surface between 20-3.6Ma B.P. Tectonics on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau were relatively stable between 3.6Ma B.P. and 1.7Ma B.P. and the Erosion Surfaces was formed. Because the Main Surface is a "jumping-off point" of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, studies on its mode of formation and height have great significance in determining the altitude of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau before uplift. Synthesizing the proofs from mammal fauna, regolith and geomorphology, we think the Main Surface was developed as a typical double level surface. There could be the peneplain in the south of it and the pediplain on north. Its altitude should not exceed 1000 m when it was formed. The Intense tectonic uplift, which resulted in the present Qinghai-Xizang Plateau with an altitude of 4500-5000m, happened in last 3.6Ma when the Main Surface was destroyed.
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