Journal of Geographical Sciences ›› 2019, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (7): 1127-1141.doi: 10.1007/s11442-019-1649-3
• Orginal Article • Previous Articles Next Articles
Martha Elizabeth APPLE1(), Macy Kara RICKETTS2, Alice Caroline MARTIN3
Received:
2018-05-10
Accepted:
2019-01-22
Online:
2019-07-25
Published:
2019-07-25
About author:
Author: APPLE Martha Elizabeth, E-mail:
Martha Elizabeth APPLE, Macy Kara RICKETTS, Alice Caroline MARTIN. Plant functional traits and microbes vary with position on striped periglacial patterned ground at Glacier National Park, Montana[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2019, 29(7): 1127-1141.
Add to citation manager EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks
Table 1
The relative percent cover of qualitative plant functional traits on brown and green striped periglacial patterned ground at the Siyeh Pass Leading Edge (SPST), (n = 10 brown, n =10 green), and at the Siyeh Pass (SPSL) and Piegan Pass (PPSL) Lateral Edges (n =15 brown, n = 15 green). Shading of the higher value in a pair represents t-tests with significant differences of p ≤ 0.01 between brown and green stripes. VAM = Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae."
Average Relative Percent Cover +/- Standard Error | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SPST | SPSL | PPSL | ||||
Brown | Green | Brown | Green | Brown | Green | |
Rare Species | 9.3 ± 2.0 | 0.19 ± 0.09 | 29.7 ± 0.3 | 0.25 ± 0.50 | 3.3 ± 1.2 | 0.07 ± 0.02 |
Phanerophyte | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3.7 ± 0.4 |
Hemicryptophyte | 86.9 ± 3.1 | 13.5 ± 1.8 | 91.7 ± 19.0 | 50.3 ± 3.9 | 72.0 ± 3.7 | 18.2 ± 1.7 |
Chamaephyte | 15.7 ± 4.3 | 86.9 ± 1.5 | 0 | 48.2 ± 3.7 | 17.6 ± 3.7 | 67.1 ± 1.4 |
Cushion | 22.4 ± 8.2 | 1.8 ± 0.3 | 30.7 ± 4.1 | 26.5 ± 2.6 | 7.4 ± 2.4 | 4.3 ± 8.9 |
Mat | 29.2 ± 7.5 | 87.3 ± 0.8 | 0.36 ± 3.2 | 55.9 ± 3.2 | 45.2 ± 4.1 | 74.4 ± 1.5 |
Rosette | 4.5 ± 2.5 | 1.4 ± 0.9 | 3.1 ± 3.7 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 3.4 ± 0.9 | 0.8 ± 0.3 |
Evergreen | 6.8 ± 2.4 | 69.6 ± 5.2 | 0 | 43.2 ± 3.5 | 12.1 ± 3.2 | 54.0 ± 3.0 |
Simple Leaves | 75.4 ± 3.9 | 92.4 ± 1.2 | 61.6 ± 3.5 | 90.6 ± 1.4 | 97.5 ± 2.2 | 97.7 ± 3.5 |
Lobed Leaves | 7.3 ± 1.6 | 0.7 ± 0.2 | 22.3 ± 3.1 | 0 | 2.3 ± 0.6 | 0.5 ± 0.1 |
Clonality | 56.3 ± 4.3 | 92.6 ± 1.8 | 64.1 ± 1.6 | 96.3 ± 4.8 | 75.0 ± 2.9 | 81.6 ± 1.5 |
Adventitious Roots | 49.5 ± 6.3 | 90.9 ± 1.6 | 0 | 48.2 ± 3.7 | 17.9 ± 3.8 | 69.6 ± 1.4 |
Rhizomes | 32.1 ± 8.2 | 4.7 ± 0.3 | 88.6 ± 1.2 | 51.7 ± 3.7 | 76.8 ± 3.6 | 18.5 ± 1.4 |
Taproots | 31.9 ± 7.3 | 2.1 ± 0.9 | 58.2 ± 4.0 | 31.2 ± 3.7 | 35.4 ± 2.5 | 10.7 ± 1.2 |
Woody roots | 15.7 ± 4.3 | 86.9 ± 1.5 | 0 | 0 | 30.7 ± 8.3 | 2.6 ± 1.7 |
Fibrous roots | 3.1 ± 1.7 | 0.1 ± 0.1 | 19.2 ± 1.4 | 3.1 ± 6.8 | 3.3 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.1 |
Nitrogen fixers | 14.4 ± 3. | 74.7 ± 4.8 | 0.5 ± 0.1 | 85 ± 1.2 | 7.6 ± 2.8 | 26.5 ± 2.8 |
All Mycorrhizae | 62.2 ± 5.9 | 93.1 ± 0.3 | 20.7 ± 2.2 | 78.7 ± 5.6 | 40.7 ± 6.3 | 80.0 ± 4.2 |
VAM | 47.1 ± 5.6 | 7.4 ± 1.7 | 19.6 ± 2.0 | 37.3 ± 3.9 | 21.8 ± 3.5 | 29.4 ± 2.8 |
Ectomycorrhizae | 20.0 ± 4.8 | 86.4 ± 2.1 | 12.3 ± 4.1 | 45.7 ± 4.4 | 16.4 ± 3.3 | 58.5 ± 4.4 |
Figure 5
Multidimensional Scaling Plot of the relative percent cover of plant functional traits on striped periglacial patterned ground. The upper seven traits (Chamaephyte, Mat, Evergreen Leaves, Simple Leaves, Adventitious Roots, N-fixing symbioses, and Ectomycorrhizae) correspond with green stripes and the lower seven traits (Rare Species, Hemicryptophyte, Cushion, Lobed Leaves, Rhizomes, Taproots, and Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae) correspond with brown stripes. Details of fit are stress = 0.075, and R2 = 0.977 (in the inset Shepard Diagram)."
1 | André M-F, 2003. Do periglacial landscapes evolve under periglacial conditions? Geomorphology, 52(1/2): 149-164. |
2 |
Austin M P, 2013. Inconsistencies between theory and methodology: A recurrent problem in ordination studies. Journal of Vegetation Science, 24: 251-268.
doi: 10.1111/jvs.2013.24.issue-2 |
3 |
Billings W D, Bliss L C, 1959. An alpine snowbank environment and its effects on vegetation, plant development, and productivity. Ecology, 40(3): 388-397.
doi: 10.2307/1929755 |
4 | Björk R G, Molau U, 2007. Ecology of alpine snowbeds and the impact of global change. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 39(1): 34-43. |
5 | Brugger K, 2017. World map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated map for the United States of America. Climate Change and Infectious Diseases Group, University of Vienna. . |
6 | Buchner O, Stoll M, Karader M et al., 2015. Application of heat stress in situ demonstrates a protective role of irradiation on photosynthetic performance in alpine plants. Plant, Cell, and Environment, 38(4): 812-826. |
7 |
Bueno de Mesquita C P, King A J, Schmidt S K et al., 2016. Incorporating biotic factors in species distribution modeling: Are interactions with soil microbes important?Ecography, 39: 970-980.
doi: 10.1111/ecog.2016.v39.i10 |
8 | Butler D, Malanson G, 1989. Periglacial patterned ground, Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park, Canada and USA. Zeitschriftfür Geomorphologie, 33: 43-57. |
9 | Butler D, Malanson G, 1999. Site locations and characteristics of miniature patterned ground, eastern Glacier National Park, Montana, U.S.A. Landform Analysis, 2: 45-49. |
10 | Byrne J M, Fagre D, MacDonald R et al., 2014. Climate change and the Rocky Mountains. Impact of Global Changes on Mountains: Responses and Adaptation, 432. |
11 | Cannone N, Guglielmin M, Gerdo R, 2004. Relationships between vegetation and periglacial landforms in northwestern Svalbard. Polar Biology, 27: 562-571. |
12 |
Carey M, 2007. The history of ice: How glaciers became an endangered species. Environmental History, 12(3): 497-527.
doi: 10.1093/envhis/12.3.497 |
13 | Cavieres L A, Badano E I, Sierra-Almeida A et al., 2007. Microclimatic modifications of cushion plants and their consequences for seedling survival of native and non-native herbaceous species in the High Andes of Central Chile. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 39(2): 229-236. |
14 | Choler P, 2005. Consistent shifts in alpine plant traits along a mesotopographical gradient. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 37(4): 444-453. |
15 | Clawson M L, Bourret A, Benson D R, 2004. Assessing the phylogeny of Frankia-actinorrhizal plant nitrogen-fixing root nodule symbioses with Frankia 16S rRNA and glutamine synthetase gene sequences.Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 31: 131-138. |
16 |
Cockayne L, 1912. On the peopling by plants of the subalpine riverbed of the Rakaia (Southern Alps of New Zealand). Transaction of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh, 24(1-4): 104-125.
doi: 10.1080/03746601209468950 |
17 |
Cornwall W K, Ackerly D D, 2009. Community assembly and shifts in plant trait distributions across an environmental gradient in coastal California. Ecological Monographs, 79(1): 109-126.
doi: 10.1890/07-1134.1 |
18 | Creese C, Lee A, Sack L, 2010. Drivers of morphological diversity and distribution in the Hawaiian fern flora: Trait associations with size, growth form, and environment. American Journal of Botany, 98(6): 955-966. |
19 | Cripps C L, Eddington L E, 2005. Distribution of mycorrhizal types among alpine vascular plant families on the Beartooth Plateau, Rocky Mountains, USA, in reference to larger-scale patterns in Arctic-alpine habitats. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 37: 177-188. |
20 |
D’amico M E, Gorra R, Freppaz M, 2015. Small-scale variability of soil properties and soil-vegetation relationships in patterned ground on different lithologies (NW Italian Alps). Catena, 135: 47-58. doi: 10.1016/ j.catena.2015.07.005.
doi: 10.1016/j.catena.2015.07.005 |
21 |
Dawes M A, Hagedorn F, Zumbrunn T et al., 2011. Growth and community responses of alpine dwarf shrubs to in situ CO2 enrichment and soil warming. New Phytologist, 191: 806-818.
doi: 10.1111/nph.2011.191.issue-3 |
22 | De Micco V, Aronne G, 2012. Morpho-anatomical traits for plant adaptation to drought. In: Aroca R (ed.). Plant Responses to Drought Stress. Berlin: Springer, 37-61. |
23 |
de Witte L C, Stöcklin J, 2010. Longevity of clonal plants: why it matters and how to measure it. Annals of Botany, 106(6): 859-870.
doi: 10.1093/aob/mcq191 |
24 | Dvorský M, Chlumská Z, Altman J et al., 2016. Gardening in the zone of death: An experimental assessment of the absolute elevation limit of vascular plants. Scientific Reports, 6. http:doi.org/10.1038/srep24440. |
25 | Elias S A, 1996. The ice-age history of national parks in the Rocky Mountains. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 170 pp. |
26 | Fagre D B, McKeon L A, Dick K et al., 2017. Glacier margin time series (1966, 1998, 2005, 2015) of the named glaciers of Glacier National Park, MT, USA: U.S. Geological Survey Data Release. . |
27 | Fagre D B, Peterson D L, Hessl A M, 2003. Taking the pulse of mountains: Ecosystem responses to climatic variability. Chapter in Climate Variability and Change in High Elevation Regions: Past, Present & Future, pp. 263-282. Volume 15 of the Series Advances in Global Change Research. Berlin, Germany. Springer, 283 pp. |
28 |
Forbis T A, Doak D F, 2004. Seedling establishment and life history trade-offs in alpine plants. American Journal of Botany, 91: 1147-1153.
doi: 10.3732/ajb.91.7.1147 |
29 |
Fortunel C, Garnier E, Joffre R et al., 2009. Leaf traits capture the effects of land use changes and climate on litter decomposability of grasslands across Europe. Ecology, 90(3): 598-611.
doi: 10.1890/08-0418.1 |
30 |
Garnier E, Lavorel S, Ansquer P et al., 2007. Assessing the effects of land-use change on plant traits, communities and ecosystem functioning in grasslands: A standardized methodology and lessons from an application to 11 European sites. Annals of Botany, 99: 967-985.
doi: 10.1093/aob/mcl215 |
31 | Gauslaa Y, 1984. Heat resistance and energy budget in different Scandinavian plants. Holarctic Ecology, 7: 1-78. |
32 |
González G, Gould W A, Rivera-Figueroa F J et al., 2014. Microorganisms in small patterned ground features and adjacent vegetated soils along topographic and climatic gradients in the High Arctic, Canada. Open Journal of Soil Science, 4(1): 47-55. Doi: 10.4236/ojss.2014.41007.
doi: 10.4236/ojss.2014.41007 |
33 | Google Earth Version 7.1.8 3036, 2017. . 48°43’11”N, 113°37’47”W. 4.82 km, Siyeh Pass, Glacier National Park, Montana. March 1, 2018. |
34 |
Gottfried M, Pauli H et al., 2012. Continent-wide response of mountain vegetation to climate change. Nature Climate Change, 2: 111-115.
doi: 10.1038/nclimate1329 |
35 | Grabherr G, 2003. Alpine vegetation dynamics and climate change: A synthesis of long-term studies and observations. Pp. 399-409. In: Nagy L, Grabherr G, Körner C et al. (eds.). Alpine Biodiversity in Europe. Ecological Studies, 167. Berlin, Germany. Springer, 479 pp. |
36 |
Grabherr G, Gurung A B, Dedieu J-P et al., 2005. Long-term environmental observations in mountain biosphere reserves: Recommendations from the EU GLOCHAMORE Project. Mountain Research and Development, 25(4): 376-382.
doi: 10.1659/0276-4741(2005)025[0376:LEOIMB]2.0.CO;2 |
37 |
Hall M H P, Fagre D B, 2003. Modeled climate-induced glacier change in Glacier National Park, 1850-2100. Bioscience, 53(2): 131-140.
doi: 10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0131:MCIGCI]2.0.CO;2 |
38 |
Hotaling S, Hood E, Hamilton T L, 2017. Microbial ecology of mountain glacier ecosystems: biodiversity, ecological connections, and implications of a warming climate. Environmental Microbiology, 19(8): 2935-2948.
doi: 10.1111/emi.2017.19.issue-8 |
39 |
Huss M, Bookhagen B, Huggel C et al., 2017. Toward mountains without permanent snow and ice. Earth’s Future, 5: 418-435.
doi: 10.1002/eft2.2017.5.issue-5 |
40 | Kade A, Walker D, 2008. Experimental alteration of vegetation on non-sorted circles: effects on cryogenic activity and implications for climate change in the Arctic. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 40(1): 96-103. |
41 |
Kenzo T, Tanaka-Oda A, Mastuura Y et al., 2016. Morphological and physicochemical traits of leaves of different life-forms of various broadleaf woody plants in interior Alaska. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 46: 1475-1482.
doi: 10.1139/cjfr-2015-0417 |
42 | King A J, Farrer E C, Suding K N et al., 2013. Co-occurrence patterns of plants and soil bacteria in the high-alpine subnival zone track environmental harshness. Frontiers in Microbiology, 4: 239. |
43 |
Klimešová J, Doležal J, Prach K et al., 2012. Clonal growth forms in Arctic plants and their habitat preferences: A study from Petuniabukta, Spitsbergen. Polish Polar Research, 33(4): 421-442.
doi: 10.2478/v10183-012-0019-y |
44 |
Kohls S J, Baker D W, van Kessel C et al., 2003. An assessment of soil enrichment by actinorrhizal N2 fixation using 15N values in a chronosequence of deglaciation at Glacier Bay, Alaska. Plant and Soil, 254: 11-17.
doi: 10.1023/A:1024950913234 |
45 | Körner C, 2003. Alpine Plant Life. Functional Plant Ecology of High Mountain Ecosystems. Berlin, Germany: Springer. 349 pp. |
46 | Larcher W, Wagner J, 2010. Temperatures in the life zones of the Tyrolean Alps. Sitzungsberichte Abt., I 213: 31-51. |
47 |
Laughlin D C, Joshi C, van Bodegom P M et al., 2012. A predictive model of community assembly that incorporates intraspecific trait variation. Ecology Letters, 15: 1291-1299.
doi: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01852.x |
48 | Lesica P, 2002. Flora of Glacier National Park. Corvallis, Oregon. Oregon State University Press, 512 pp. |
49 | Lesica P, 2012. Manual of Montana Vascular Plants. Austin, Texas. Botanical Research Institute of Texas. 779 pp. |
50 | Lesica P, 2014. Arctic-alpine plants decline over two decades in Glacier National Park, Montana, U.S.A. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 46(2): 327-332. |
51 |
Lesica P, McCune B, 2004. Decline of arctic-alpine plants at the southern margin of their range following a decade of climatic warming. Journal of Vegetation Science, 15: 679-690.
doi: 10.1111/jvs.2004.15.issue-5 |
52 | Li H, Nicotra A B, Danghui X et al., 2015. Habitat-specific responses of leaf traits to soil water conditions in species from a novel alpine swamp meadow community. Conservation Physiology, 3(1): 1-8. |
53 | Malanson G P, Bengtson L E, Fagre D B, 2012. Geomorphic determinants of species composition of alpine tundra, Glacier National Park, U.S.A. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 44(2): 197-209. |
54 |
Malanson G P, Butler D R, Fagre D B et al., 2007. Alpine treeline of western North America: Linking organism-to-landscape dynamics. Physical Geography, 28(5): 378-396.
doi: 10.2747/0272-3646.28.5.378 |
55 | Mark A F, Korsten A C, Urrutia Guevara D et al., 2015. Ecological responses to 52 years of experimental snow manipulation in High-Alpine Cushionfield, Old Man Range, South-Central New Zealand. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 47(4): 751-752. doi.org/10.1657/AAAR0014-098. |
56 | Markham R, 2009. Does Dryas integrifolia fix nitrogen? Botany, 87(11): 1106-1109. |
57 | Massicotte H B, Melville L H, Peterson R L et al., 1998. Anatomical aspects of field ectomycorrhizas on Polygonum viviparum (Polygonaceae) and Kobresiabellardii (Cyperaceae). Mycorrhiza 7(6): 287-292. |
58 |
Matthews J A, Shakesby R A, Berrisford M S et al., 1998. Periglacial patterned ground on the Styggedalsbreen glacier foreland, Jotunheimen, southern Norway: Micro-topographic, paraglacial and geoecological controls. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 9(2): 147-166.
doi: 10.1002/(ISSN)1099-1530 |
59 |
McGill B J, Enquist B J, Weiher E et al., 2006. Rebuilding community ecology from functional traits. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 21(4): 178-185.
doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2006.02.002 |
60 |
Monson R K, Rosenstiel T N, Forbis T A et al., 2006. Nitrogen and carbon storage in alpine plants. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 46(1): 35-48.
doi: 10.1093/icb/icj006 |
61 |
Mouillot D, Graham N A J, Villéger S et al., 2013. A functional approach reveals community responses to disturbances. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 28(3): 167-177.
doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2012.10.004 |
62 | Neuner G, Buchner O, Braun V, 2000. Short-term changes in heat tolerance in the alpine cushion plant Silene acaulis ssp. excapa [All.] J. Braun at different altitudes. Plant Biology, 2: 677-683. |
63 | Nikolova A, Vassilev A, 2011. A study on Tribulus Terrestris L. Anatomy and ecological adaptation.Journal of Biotechnology and Biotechnological Equipment, 25(2): 2369-2372. |
64 | Ouellet N, 2016. Record Numbers Visit Glacier National Park in 2016. Montana Public Radio. . |
65 |
Pauli H, Gottfried M, Dullinger S et al., 2012. Recent plant diversity changes on Europe’s mountain summits. Science, 336(6079): 353-355.
doi: 10.1126/science.1219033 |
66 |
Pederson G T, Graumlich L J, Fagre D R et al., 2010. A century of climate and ecosystem change in Western Montana: What do temperature trends portend?Climate Change, 98(1): 133-154.
doi: 10.1007/s10584-009-9642-y |
67 |
Pepin N, The Mountain Research Initiative EDW Working Group, 2015. Elevation-dependent warming in mountain regions of the world. Nature Climate Change, 5: 424-430.
doi: 10.1038/nclimate2563 |
68 |
Pérez-Harguindeguy N, Diaz S, Garnier E et al., 2013. New Handbook for Standardized Measurement of Plant Functional Traits Worldwide. Australian Journal of Botany, 61: 167-234.
doi: 10.1071/BT12225 |
69 |
Price M F, 1985. Impacts of recreational activities on alpine vegetation in Western North America. Mountain Research and Development, 5(3): 263-278.
doi: 10.2307/3673358 |
70 | Raunkiær C C, 1934. The Life Forms of Plants and Statistical Plant Geography. Oxford University Press, pp. 632. |
71 |
Resler L M, Butler D R, Malanson G P, 2005. Topographic shelter and conifer establishment and mortality in an alpine environment, Glacier National Park, Montana. Physical Geography, 26(2): 112-125.
doi: 10.2747/0272-3646.26.2.112 |
72 |
Scherrer D, Körner C, 2011. Topographically controlled thermal-habitat differentiation buffers alpine plant diversity against climate warming. Journal of Biogeography, 38: 406-416.
doi: 10.1111/jbi.2011.38.issue-2 |
73 | Sonneman I, Pfestorf H, Jeltsch F et al., 2015. Community-weighted mean plant traits predict small scale distribution of insect root herbivore abundance. PLOS One, . |
74 | Stevanović B Vujnović K, 1990. Morpho-anatomical adaptations of the endemic species Degeniavelebitica(DEG.) HAY. Feddes Repertorium, 101(7/8): 385-389. |
75 |
Strachan S, Kelsey E P, Brown R F et al., 2016. Filling the data gaps in mountain climate observatories through advanced technology, refined instrument siting, and a focus on gradients. Mountain Research and Development, 36(4): 518-527.
doi: 10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-16-00028.1 |
76 |
Tobias T B, Farrer E C, Rosales A et al., 2017. Seed-associated fungi in the alpine tundra: Both mutualists and pathogens could impact plant recruitment. Fungal Ecology, 30: 10-18.
doi: 10.1016/j.funeco.2017.08.001 |
77 | Valles D, Apple M E, Andrews C, 2017. Visual simulations correlate plant functional trait distribution with elevation and temperature in the Cairngorm Mountains of Scotland. International Conference on Computational Science and Computational Intelligence, 17: 1252-1258. doi: 10.1109/CSCI.2017.220. |
78 |
Venn S E, Green K, Pickering C M et al., 2011. Using plant functional traits to explain community composition across a strong environmental filter in Australian alpine snowpatches. Plant Ecology, 212: 1491-1499.
doi: 10.1007/s11258-011-9923-1 |
79 | Venn S E, Pickering C M, Green K, 2014. Spatial and temporal functional changes in alpine summit vegetation are driven by increases in shrubs and graminoids. AoB Plants, 6: plu008. doi:10.1093/aobpla/plu008. |
80 | Vitasse Y, Rebetez M, Filippa G et al., 2016. ‘Hearing’ alpine plants growing after snowmelt: ultrasonic snow sensors provide long-term series of alpine plant phenology. International Journal of Biometeorology, 61(2): 349-361. |
81 | Walker D A, Epstein H E, Romanovsky V E et al., 2008. Arctic patterned-ground ecosystems: A synthesis of field studies and models along a North American Arctic Transect. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 113(G3): G03S01. doi:10.1029/2007JG000504. |
82 |
Walker D A, Gould W A, Maier H A et al., 2002. The Circumpolar Arctic Vegetation Map: AVHRR-derived base maps, environmental controls, and integrated mapping procedures. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 23(21): 4551-4570.
doi: 10.1080/01431160110113854 |
83 | Wimpey J, Marion J L, 2011. A spatial exploration of informal trail networks within Great Falls Park, VA. Journal of Environmental Management, 92(3): 1012-1022. |
[1] | Yuan ZHANG, Shuying ZANG, Li SUN, Binghe YAN, Tianpeng YANG, Wenjia YAN, E Michael MEADOWS, Cuizhen WANG, Jiaguo QI. Characterizing the changing environment of cropland in the Songnen Plain, Northeast China, from 1990 to 2015 [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2019, 29(5): 658-674. |
[2] | Yujie LIU, Ya QIN, Quansheng GE. Spatiotemporal differentiation of changes in maize phenology in China from 1981 to 2010 [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2019, 29(3): 351-362. |
[3] | Danyang MA, Haoyu DENG, Yunhe YIN, Shaohong WU, Du ZHENG. Sensitivity of arid/humid patterns in China to future climate change under a high-emissions scenario [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2019, 29(1): 29-48. |
[4] | Man ZHANG, Yaning CHEN, Yanjun SHEN, Baofu LI. Tracking climate change in Central Asia through temperature and precipitation extremes [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2019, 29(1): 3-28. |
[5] | Jing ZHANG, Yanjun SHEN. Spatio-temporal variations in extreme drought in China during 1961-2015 [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2019, 29(1): 67-83. |
[6] | Haijun DENG, Yaning CHEN, Yang LI. Glacier and snow variations and their impacts on regional water resources in mountains [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2019, 29(1): 84-100. |
[7] | HU Weijie,LIU Hailong,BAO Anming,Attia M. El-Tantawi. Influences of environmental changes on water storage variations in Central Asia [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2018, 28(7): 985-1000. |
[8] | XIE Yichun,ZHANG Yang,LAN Hai,MAO Lishen,ZENG Shi,CHEN Yulu. Investigating long-term trends of climate change and their spatial variations caused by regional and local environments through data mining [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2018, 28(6): 802-818. |
[9] | ZHANG Wenxia,,FENG Qingrong,WANG Tianguang,WANG Tianqiang. The spatiotemporal responses of Populus euphratica to global warming in Chinese oases between 1960 and 2015 [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2018, 28(5): 579-594. |
[10] | FU Yang,CHEN Hui,NIU Huihui,ZHANG Siqi,YANG Yi. Spatial and temporal variation of vegetation phenology and its response to climate changes in Qaidam Basin from 2000 to 2015 [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2018, 28(4): 400-414. |
[11] | WAN Honglian,SONG Hailong,ZHU Chanchan,ZHANG Beibei,ZHANG Mi. Spatio-temporal evolution of drought and flood disaster chains in Baoji area from 1368 to 1911 [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2018, 28(3): 337-350. |
[12] | SUN Meiping,LIU Shiyin,YAO Xiaojun,GUO Wanqin,XU Junli. Glacier changes in the Qilian Mountains in the past half-century: Based on the revised First and Second Chinese Glacier Inventory [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2018, 28(2): 206-220. |
[13] | HUANG Gengzhi,LENG Shuying. The progress of human geography in China under the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2018, 28(12): 1735-1756. |
[14] | WANG Li,YU Haiying,ZHANG Qiang,XU Yunjia,TAO Zexing,ALATALO Juha,DAI Junhu. Responses of aboveground biomass of alpine grasslands to climate changes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2018, 28(12): 1953-1964. |
[15] | WANG Huanjiong,WANG Hui,TAO Zexing,GE Quansheng. Potential range expansion of the red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) in China under climate change [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2018, 28(12): 1965-1974. |
|