The response of spiders to less-focused non-crop habitats in the agricultural landscape along the lower reach of the Yellow River

doi:10.1007/s11442-019-1648-4

Abstract

Abstract:

Non-crop habitats have been suggested to impact local biodiversity significantly in agricultural landscapes. However, there have been few studies of the effects of less-focused non-crop habitats (orchard, wetland, pit and ditch) on variation of spider abundance. In this study, spiders in 30 woodlands were captured using pitfall traps in Fengqiu County, China, and the effects of local and landscape variations at different scales (50 m, 100 m, 200 m, 350 m and 500 m) on spider abundance were analysed. The most important variation that influenced spider abundance at the 500 m scale was the less-focused non-crop habitat (LNH) cover, and 10% was an appropriate proportion of LNH cover to sustain high level of spider diversity in the investigated landscape. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analyses revealed that there were significant differences in the spider composition among the high, medium and low LNH coverage. Based on indicator species analysis, different spider species were associated with landscapes with different levels of LNH cover. Lycosidae, which accounted for 48% of the total specimens, preferred woodland habitats neighbouring areas with high LNH cover. Compared with woodland habitats, LNH provided more diverse food sources and habitat to sustain more spider species in the study area. Furthermore, linear elements composed of vegetation, such as pits and ditches, may prevent agricultural intensification by enhancing landscape connectivity and providing habitats for different spiders. Our findings may provide a theoretical basis for biodiversity conservation in agro-ecosystems and top-down control of pests.

Key words: less-focused non-crop habitats, spider, landscape scale, ecosystem services

Xiaoyun HOU, Shengyan DING, Shuang ZHAO, Xiaobo LIU. The response of spiders to less-focused non-crop habitats in the agricultural landscape along the lower reach of the Yellow River[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2019, 29(7): 1113-1126.

Figures/Tables 8

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References 72

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Variables	Spatial scale (m)	Range (min-max)%	Mean ± SD
Crop cover	Local	0-94	27.3±25.3
Woodland cover	Local	4-99	63±25.1
Distance from road (m)	Local	18.2-1269.5	434.1±397.2
Crop cover	Landscape (100 m)	8.1-91.2	44.1±20.3
Woodland cover	Landscape (100 m)	3-82	41.4±19.1
LNH cover	Landscape (100 m)	0-15.3	3.2±5.4
Crop cover	Landscape (200 m)	28-84.5	55.7±14.5
Woodland cover	Landscape (200 m)	5.2-56.7	26.2±12.1
LNH cover	Landscape (200 m)	0-30	3.4±6.5
Crop cover	Landscape (350 m)	35.5-81.5	60.4±11.4
Woodland cover	Landscape (350 m)	3-47.7	18.4±9.8
LNH cover	Landscape (350 m)	0-24.8	3.6±5.3
Crop cover	Landscape (500 m)	38.5-82.6	62.5±10.6
Woodland cover	Landscape (500 m)	3.9-42.8	15.5±8.6
LNH cover	Landscape (500 m)	0.2-19.8	4.1±6.1

Model		Spatial scale	Adjusted R²	Loglik	df	AICc	Wi
Model 1			0.177	-5.5798	8	32.2505
	Crop cover	Local					0.29
	Woodland cover	Local					0.17
	Distance from road (m)	Local					0.18
	Crop cover	Landscape (100 m)					0.21
	Woodland cover	Landscape (100 m)					0.07
	LNH cover	Landscape (100 m)					0.06
Model 2			0.052	-7.7082	8	36.5073
	Crop cover	Local					0.34
	Woodland cover	Local					0.20
	Distance from road (m)	Local					0.21
	Crop cover	Landscape (200 m)					0.09
	Woodland cover	Landscape (200 m)					0.07
	LNH cover	Landscape (200 m)					0.08
Model 3			0.148	-6.1067	8	33.3043
	Crop cover	Local					0.30
	Woodland cover	Local					0.18
	Distance from road (m)	Local					0.19
	Crop cover	Landscape (350 m)					0.06
	Woodland cover	Landscape (350 m)					0.06
	LNH cover	Landscape (350 m)					0.21
Model 4			0.170	-5.7152	8	32.5213
	Crop cover	Local					0.24
	Woodland cover	Local					0.15
	Distance from road (m)	Local					0.15
	Crop cover	Landscape (500 m)					0.05
	Woodland cover	Landscape (500 m)					0.05
	LNH cover	Landscape (500 m)					0.36

Taxa	Family	LNH coverage classes (500 m) and indicator values
Taxa	Family	Low	Medium	High
Pardosa astrigena	Lycosidae	0.13	0.25	0.49
Pirata piratoides	Lycosidae	0.03	0.17	0.29
Trochosa ruricola	Lycosidae	0.01	0.08	0.48
Alopecosa albostriata	Lycosidae	0	0.02	0.44
Lycosidae Larvae	Lycosidae	0.10	0	0
Gnaphosa kansuensis	Gnaphosidae	0.10	0.13	0.34
Drassyllus shaanxiensis	Gnaphosidae	0.13	0.20	0.40
Hitobia unifascigera	Gnaphosidae	0.13	0.21	0.39
Pseudodrassus pichoni	Gnaphosidae	0	0	0.10
Erigone prominens	Linyphiidae	0.25	0.11	0.30
Ummeliata insecticeps	Linyphiidae	0.04	0.14	0.17
Xysticus hedini	Thomisidae	0	0.03	0.20
Xysticus ephippiafus	Thomisidae	0.11	0.05	0.11
Xysticus pseudoblitea	Thomisidae	0	0	0.10
Evarcha albaria	Salticidae	0	0.10	0.10
Myrmarachne formicaria	Salticidae	0	0.05	0.05
Enoplognatha japonica	Theridiidae	0.03	0.03	0.05
Achaearanea asiatica	Theridiidae	0	0.10	0
Pholcus crypticolens	Pholcus	0	0.10	0
Nurscia albofasciata	Titanoecidae	0	0	0.20
Atypus heterothecus	Atypidae	0	0	0.10

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