Journal of Geographical Sciences ›› 2018, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (3): 337-350.doi: 10.1007/s11442-018-1476-y
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Honglian WAN1,2(), Hailong SONG1,3, Chanchan ZHU1, Beibei ZHANG1,2, Mi ZHANG1
Received:
2017-03-22
Accepted:
2017-05-04
Online:
2018-03-10
Published:
2018-04-10
About author:
Author: Wan Honglian (1969-), PhD and Professor, specialized in resource development and environmental change, the disaster in history and other works of research and teaching. E-mail:
Supported by:
Honglian WAN, Hailong SONG, Chanchan ZHU, Beibei ZHANG, Mi ZHANG. Spatio-temporal evolution of drought and flood disaster chains in Baoji area from 1368 to 1911[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2018, 28(3): 337-350.
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Table 1
The classification standard of drought and flood events"
Event level | Event type | Classification standard |
---|---|---|
1 | Catastrophic flood | The flood lasted for a long time and affected most of the area. Had a remarkable effect on local production activities and living conditions, and caused casualties. |
2 | Severe flood | The flood affected a large portion of the area, resulting in submerged agricultural lands, damaged crops, reduced production, destroyed housing, and prompted tax exemption. |
3 | Mild flood | The flood slightly affected local living conditions, crop production and socioeconomic development. |
4 | Normal | No droughts or floods were recorded. |
5 | Mild drought | The drought affected sowing and reduced crop production, and resulted in food shortages and high food prices. |
6 | Severe drought | The drought caused starvation, locust infestation and severe pandemic, forced people to consume wood bark and grass, and led to extremely high food prices, relocation of people and even casualties. |
7 | Catastrophic drought | The drought affected most of the area, resulting in nearly no harvest, extreme poverty, severe food shortages, cannibalism, frequent sightings of starved corpses and numerous casualties. |
Table 2
The numbers and percentages of drought and flood events in Baoji area in 544 years"
Year | Frequency (%) | Level | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Level 1 Catastrophic flood | Level 2 Severe flood | Level 3 Mild flood | Level 4 Normal | Level 5 Mild drought | Level 6 Severe drought | Level 7 Catastrophic drought | ||
Frequency (%) | Frequency (%) | Frequency (%) | Frequency (%) | Frequency (%) | Frequency (%) | Frequency (%) | ||
1368-1420 | 8 (2.69) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 45 (84.91) | 4 (7.55) | 4 (7.55) | 0 (0) |
1421-1470 | 29 (9.76) | 0 (0) | 3 (6) | 3 (6) | 21 (42) | 11 (22) | 10 (20) | 2 (4) |
1471-1520 | 25 (8.42) | 1 (2) | 2 (4) | 0 (0) | 25 (50) | 10 (20) | 8 (16) | 4 (8) |
1521-1570 | 22 (7.41) | 4 (8) | 2 (4) | 1 (2) | 28 (56) | 2 (4) | 11 (22) | 2 (4) |
1571-1620 | 23 (7.71) | 1 (2) | 1 (2) | 4 (2) | 27 (54) | 1 (2) | 9 (18) | 7 (14) |
1621-1670 | 40 (13.47) | 1 (2) | 5 (10) | 9 (18) | 10 (20) | 5 (10) | 16 (32) | 4 (8) |
1671-1720 | 16 (5.39) | 0 (0) | 5 (10) | 2 (4) | 34 (68) | 2 (4) | 6 (12) | 1 (2) |
1721-1770 | 23 (7.74) | 2 (4) | 4 (8) | 1 (2) | 27 (54) | 7 (14) | 9 (18) | 0 (0) |
1771-1820 | 35 (11.78) | 7 (14) | 5 (10) | 1 (2) | 15 (30) | 9 (18) | 13 (26) | 0 (0) |
1821-1870 | 36 (12.12) | 7 (14) | 3 (6) | 7 (14) | 14 (28) | 10 (20) | 8 (16) | 1 (2) |
1870-1911 | 40 (13.47) | 8 (19.51) | 9 (21.95) | 8 (19.51) | 1 (2.44) | 7 (17.07) | 7 (17.07) | 1 (2.44) |
A total of 544 a | 297 (100) | 31 (5.7) | 39 (7.17) | 36 (6.62) | 247 (45.4) | 68 (12.5) | 101 (18.57) | 22 (4.04) |
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