Journal of Geographical Sciences ›› 2015, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (5): 530-544.doi: 10.1007/s11442-015-1185-8
• Orginal Article • Previous Articles Next Articles
Chao BAO1,2,3(), Xiaojie CHEN1,2,3
Received:
2014-01-22
Accepted:
2014-07-30
Online:
2015-05-15
Published:
2015-06-24
About author:
Author: Bao Chao (1978-), PhD and Associate Professor, specialized in urbanization and urban sustainable development. E-mail:
Supported by:
Chao BAO, Xiaojie CHEN. The driving effects of urbanization on economic growth and water use change in China: A provincial-level analysis in 1997-2011[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2015, 25(5): 530-544.
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Table 1
Driving effects of China’s population urbanization on economic growth from 1997 to 2011"
Year | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 1997-2011 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔE | 586 | 614 | 732 | 781 | 925 | 1114 | 1233 | 1523 | 1900 | 2391 | 1857 | 1947 | 2411 | 2369 | 20385 |
Peff | 68 | 90 | 137 | 75 | 65 | 68 | 98 | 92 | 126 | 120 | 128 | 134 | 141 | 149 | 1491 |
Ieff | 421 | 434 | 400 | 576 | 692 | 855 | 912 | 1170 | 1398 | 1963 | 1389 | 1448 | 1876 | 1797 | 15330 |
Seff | 97 | 91 | 195 | 131 | 169 | 191 | 223 | 261 | 376 | 308 | 340 | 365 | 394 | 424 | 3564 |
SIeff | 79 | 75 | 131 | 107 | 136 | 156 | 179 | 213 | 296 | 266 | 273 | 291 | 325 | 343 | 2872 |
Ueff | 176 | 166 | 326 | 238 | 305 | 348 | 402 | 474 | 672 | 574 | 613 | 656 | 719 | 768 | 6436 |
ΔI | 421 | 422 | 473 | 555 | 672 | 812 | 875 | 1095 | 1347 | 1713 | 1296 | 1350 | 1680 | 1635 | 14346 |
IIeff | 342 | 349 | 318 | 452 | 540 | 663 | 703 | 896 | 1062 | 1481 | 1041 | 1078 | 1389 | 1322 | 11637 |
ISeff | 79 | 73 | 155 | 103 | 132 | 148 | 172 | 200 | 285 | 232 | 255 | 272 | 291 | 312 | 2709 |
Table 2
Comprehensive contribution rates of population urbanization to economic growth by province in China from 1997 to 2011 (%)"
Year | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 1997-2011 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
China | 30.0 | 27.0 | 44.6 | 30.4 | 33.0 | 31.2 | 32.6 | 31.1 | 35.4 | 24.0 | 33.0 | 33.7 | 29.8 | 32.4 | 31.6 |
Beijing | 2.9 | 13.8 | -19.7 | -14.3 | 9.6 | 10.0 | 7.9 | 12.1 | 18.8 | 6.4 | 9.6 | 8.3 | 8.0 | 9.6 | 7.5 |
Tianjin | 4.7 | 9.5 | 4.1 | 2.6 | 3.1 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 2.7 | -0.9 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.3 |
Hebei | 28.1 | 24.8 | 48.1 | 32.7 | 43.5 | 42.9 | 40.7 | 37.6 | 17.2 | 32.7 | 39.6 | 39.6 | 33.3 | 35.3 | 35.1 |
Shanxi | 21.3 | 31.9 | 51.3 | 21.8 | 29.0 | 24.1 | 26.6 | 30.1 | 24.0 | 19.7 | 33.6 | 47.8 | 21.4 | 22.4 | 26.1 |
Inner Mongolia | 29.3 | 17.5 | 32.0 | 22.4 | 12.0 | 12.1 | 10.7 | 9.9 | 10.0 | 11.9 | 12.8 | 13.5 | 15.1 | 15.6 | 13.7 |
Liaoning | 10.5 | -6.8 | 2.4 | 3.7 | 13.0 | 11.7 | 14.4 | 16.0 | 14.0 | 8.2 | 9.1 | 9.2 | 8.6 | 9.7 | 9.8 |
Jilin | 1.9 | -13.6 | -10.5 | -4.3 | 18.6 | 13.4 | 14.7 | 15.5 | 12.4 | 6.3 | 6.6 | 7.7 | 7.8 | 7.8 | 7.8 |
Heilongjiang | 3.0 | 12.9 | 24.2 | 8.1 | 18.7 | 14.6 | 14.3 | 13.5 | 10.5 | 10.3 | 10.5 | 10.7 | 9.7 | 9.9 | 11.5 |
Shanghai | 6.6 | -21.3 | 4.1 | 29.1 | 7.7 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 26.8 | 4.7 | 6.2 | 6.4 | 4.6 | 5.0 | 6.3 |
Jiangsu | 34.2 | 62.4 | 73.3 | 67.7 | 26.2 | 28.5 | 25.2 | 27.2 | 19.8 | 33.4 | 36.7 | 36.0 | 33.8 | 36.4 | 34.8 |
Zhejiang | 47.7 | 48.0 | 53.7 | 19.1 | 24.4 | 23.5 | 21.6 | 29.7 | 15.0 | 21.6 | 29.1 | 31.4 | 23.7 | 29.2 | 27.0 |
Anhui | 29.3 | 35.1 | 37.9 | 12.4 | 59.7 | 54.8 | 52.3 | 14.5 | 36.5 | 28.8 | 31.7 | 31.1 | 27.9 | 29.8 | 32.6 |
Fujian | 33.7 | 36.7 | 29.1 | 27.3 | 24.8 | 24.4 | 22.9 | 25.5 | 45.1 | 24.1 | 27.0 | 27.7 | 24.4 | 26.4 | 27.9 |
Jiangxi | 17.4 | 14.8 | 53.3 | 44.0 | 36.1 | 36.0 | 33.5 | 36.4 | 4.9 | 5.8 | 5.9 | 3.3 | 19.6 | 21.8 | 19.4 |
Shandong | 9.5 | 22.2 | 18.0 | 16.8 | 19.2 | 24.3 | 28.9 | 30.6 | 27.3 | 25.8 | 29.3 | 28.4 | 27.6 | 30.0 | 26.5 |
Henan | 27.0 | 12.6 | 22.5 | 19.7 | 35.5 | 32.6 | 27.9 | 27.1 | 30.2 | 25.2 | 29.7 | 32.5 | 28.9 | 30.2 | 28.5 |
Hubei | 30.7 | 28.6 | 28.0 | 38.7 | 35.2 | 44.4 | 35.0 | 33.8 | 28.3 | 26.2 | 27.6 | 26.8 | 24.2 | 25.1 | 28.7 |
Hunan | 36.5 | 33.3 | 38.2 | 20.2 | 55.6 | 44.9 | 46.8 | 44.7 | 7.1 | 27.4 | 29.3 | 29.6 | 28.0 | 31.2 | 31.4 |
Guangdong | 29.6 | 26.1 | 11.9 | 10.4 | 19.2 | 15.1 | 16.5 | 16.6 | 19.9 | 23.2 | 29.4 | 28.9 | 21.6 | 24.1 | 21.6 |
Guangxi | 30.7 | 26.8 | 19.5 | 38.3 | 28.6 | 27.0 | 20.9 | 43.7 | 42.9 | 46.7 | 36.5 | 34.0 | 31.3 | 35.0 | 35.0 |
Hainan | 44.0 | 23.1 | 23.7 | 27.0 | 15.8 | 13.1 | 10.0 | 8.3 | 45.4 | 13.6 | 19.4 | 16.4 | 12.5 | 16.2 | 18.5 |
Chongqing | 32.5 | 26.4 | 67.6 | 53.2 | 32.8 | 31.4 | 31.1 | 28.8 | 56.4 | 30.0 | 31.8 | 30.5 | 26.7 | 27.2 | 32.7 |
Sichuan | 19.7 | 32.6 | 35.1 | 25.9 | 35.8 | 39.6 | 34.6 | 42.8 | 35.5 | 27.9 | 35.3 | 28.0 | 27.0 | 27.1 | 31.1 |
Guizhou | 2.7 | 5.0 | 14.4 | 14.5 | 19.4 | 25.2 | 19.2 | 24.2 | -2.5 | 12.1 | 15.7 | 15.7 | 14.3 | 12.6 | 13.8 |
Yunnan | 37.6 | 49.9 | 67.8 | 37.3 | 38.9 | 35.3 | 40.4 | 38.1 | 25.4 | 29.7 | 33.4 | 29.8 | 29.5 | 27.0 | 33.2 |
Tibet | 61.2 | 66.9 | 68.1 | 73.5 | 54.2 | 48.2 | 38.3 | 32.5 | 29.3 | 28.0 | 22.0 | 45.0 | 45.3 | 44.0 | 42.5 |
Shaanxi | 39.1 | 29.5 | 55.4 | 30.6 | 33.6 | 34.3 | 20.7 | 25.9 | 10.9 | 20.2 | 19.6 | 23.0 | 21.6 | 22.4 | 23.6 |
Gansu | 19.8 | 17.2 | 38.3 | 26.9 | 28.2 | 46.3 | 27.0 | 27.2 | 37.3 | 19.5 | 27.6 | 27.1 | 24.1 | 22.9 | 27.2 |
Qinghai | 19.0 | -9.6 | -17.9 | 55.7 | 21.7 | 17.9 | 13.6 | 22.7 | 36.9 | 17.8 | 17.8 | 23.0 | 15.8 | 17.7 | 19.7 |
Ningxia | 18.4 | 8.5 | -13.9 | 2.1 | 35.1 | 32.3 | 33.7 | 32.8 | 14.7 | 18.5 | 18.6 | 19.5 | 17.4 | 19.1 | 19.5 |
Xinjiang | -9.9 | 6.0 | -12.3 | -9.8 | 19.6 | 19.4 | 25.5 | 19.1 | 19.2 | 18.7 | 20.6 | 26.8 | 21.2 | 19.0 | 17.2 |
Table 3
Driving effects of population-economic urbanization on water use change in China from 1997 to 2011"
Year | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 1997-2011 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ΔW | -131 | 155 | -93 | 70 | -70 | -256 | 225 | 75 | 162 | 11 | 77 | 72 | 40 | 93 | 429 |
EPeff | 415 | 405 | 449 | 441 | 482 | 514 | 515 | 590 | 672 | 758 | 530 | 514 | 585 | 529 | 7399 |
EIeff | -391 | -77 | -325 | -174 | -330 | -514 | -166 | -312 | -251 | -392 | -306 | -263 | -326 | -255 | -4081 |
ESeff | -155 | -173 | -217 | -198 | -221 | -256 | -124 | -204 | -260 | -355 | -147 | -179 | -219 | -181 | -2888 |
ESIeff | -111 | -53 | -130 | -93 | -133 | -171 | -71 | -123 | -127 | -186 | -99 | -106 | -131 | -106 | -1641 |
EUeff | -266 | -226 | -348 | -290 | -354 | -427 | -195 | -327 | -387 | -541 | -246 | -285 | -350 | -287 | -4530 |
QEPeff | 125 | 109 | 200 | 134 | 159 | 160 | 168 | 184 | 238 | 182 | 175 | 173 | 175 | 171 | 2352 |
ΔWU | -141 | -117 | -147 | -156 | -195 | -267 | -27 | -143 | -150 | -359 | -72 | -112 | -176 | -115 | -2177 |
ΔEI | -70.3 | -29.8 | -60.0 | -37.9 | -51.8 | -66.0 | -22.6 | -36.3 | -32.0 | -41.3 | -22.4 | -20.0 | -22.5 | -16.4 | -529.2 |
EIIeff | -50.3 | -9.2 | -36.0 | -17.7 | -31.0 | -44.1 | -12.9 | -21.9 | -15.7 | -21.7 | -15.1 | -11.9 | -13.4 | -9.6 | -310.6 |
EISeff | -20.0 | -20.6 | -24.0 | -20.2 | -20.8 | -22.0 | -9.7 | -14.3 | -16.3 | -19.6 | -7.3 | -8.1 | -9.0 | -6.8 | -218.7 |
Table 4
Comprehensive contributions of population-economic urbanization on water use change by province in China from 1997 to 2011 (108 m3)"
Year | 1998 | 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 1997-2011 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
China | -141 | -117 | -147 | -156 | -195 | -267 | -27 | -143 | -150 | -359 | -72 | -112 | -176 | -115 | -2177 |
Beijing | -2.2 | -1.6 | -3.5 | -3.0 | -2.3 | -2.4 | -2.8 | -2.2 | -1.9 | -2.3 | -1.5 | -1.0 | -2.2 | -1.1 | -29.9 |
Tianjin | -0.5 | -2.8 | -1.5 | -1.1 | -0.9 | -1.4 | -1.4 | -1.7 | -2.3 | -2.4 | -2.7 | -2.2 | -2.6 | -2.0 | -25.5 |
Hebei | -5.3 | -8.2 | -3.0 | -3.3 | -2.4 | -4.5 | -4.9 | -5.4 | -13.0 | -11.4 | -5.2 | -6.8 | -10.3 | -7.3 | -91.0 |
Shanxi | 2.1 | 3.3 | 8.7 | -2.1 | 3.2 | -2.2 | -2.9 | -5.0 | -1.5 | -5.9 | -1.9 | 0.6 | 1.6 | -8.1 | -10.0 |
Inner Mongolia | 2.7 | 6.3 | -5.0 | -8.7 | -12.6 | -20.9 | -12.5 | -24.1 | -20.3 | -22.1 | -16.5 | -18.0 | -13.6 | -11.8 | -177.3 |
Liaoning | 9.9 | -5.3 | -13.7 | -3.1 | -1.0 | -4.1 | -4.3 | -3.9 | -6.1 | -12.3 | -8.3 | -11.4 | -9.7 | -6.6 | -79.9 |
Jilin | 6.7 | -7.4 | 29.7 | -6.7 | -1.2 | -3.9 | -2.8 | -0.6 | -6.8 | -12.4 | -5.4 | -5.4 | -5.9 | -6.6 | -28.5 |
Heilongjiang | 4.7 | -12.4 | -21.2 | -2.0 | -1.9 | -16.8 | 5.6 | -4.4 | -6.4 | -18.5 | -8.8 | -11.4 | -17.2 | -11.5 | -122.3 |
Shanghai | -2.2 | -5.1 | -1.6 | 1.3 | -0.9 | -2.2 | -4.4 | -5.9 | 0.0 | -3.1 | -1.9 | -1.8 | -4.3 | -2.2 | -34.2 |
Jiangsu | -24.8 | 7.6 | 8.3 | 9.1 | -17.5 | -39.0 | -37.3 | -26.3 | -21.6 | -20.4 | -12.1 | -12.4 | -13.6 | -11.4 | -211.2 |
Zhejiang | -3.8 | -2.9 | -1.3 | -6.3 | -8.0 | -13.2 | -11.3 | -9.9 | -12.7 | -12.2 | -4.7 | -5.7 | -7.7 | -3.8 | -103.7 |
Anhui | -8.1 | 4.8 | -8.9 | -51.0 | 2.1 | -9.8 | 3.4 | -12.3 | -9.2 | -11.2 | -18.7 | 2.9 | -13.0 | -12.3 | -141.3 |
Fujian | -11.5 | -1.0 | -7.0 | -5.0 | -6.0 | -8.2 | -6.6 | -6.0 | -5.6 | -8.0 | -5.8 | -5.0 | -9.1 | -5.0 | -89.9 |
Jiangxi | -20.2 | -0.4 | 5.8 | -3.0 | -6.2 | -11.4 | -5.8 | -2.8 | -1-.6 | -112.2 | -16.5 | -17.1 | -15.8 | 16.2 | -199.9 |
Shandong | -11.6 | -9.6 | -14.8 | -9.9 | -17.3 | -16.2 | -11.1 | -14.1 | -7.0 | -17.4 | -9.4 | -11.3 | -12.0 | -9.3 | -171.0 |
Henan | 0.0 | -0.1 | -8.1 | -9.4 | -5.7 | -21.4 | 5.1 | -5.4 | -66.2 | -14.8 | -1.3 | -4.8 | -9.5 | -8.1 | -149.6 |
Hubei | -16.3 | -17.0 | -7.4 | -4.5 | -10.4 | 2.2 | -0.7 | -4.3 | -7.1 | -10.3 | -4.7 | -7.2 | -11.1 | -9.2 | -107.9 |
Hunan | -14.6 | -6.6 | -6.9 | -11.1 | -9.1 | -4.1 | 2.3 | -2.5 | -20.7 | -18.7 | -12.6 | -12.8 | -15.5 | -11.4 | -144.3 |
Guangdong | -11.4 | -10.1 | -29.7 | -18.2 | -18.3 | -32.3 | -25.4 | -24.2 | -24.5 | -25.0 | -11.2 | -6.1 | -16.5 | -11.3 | -264.0 |
Guangxi | -3.8 | 3.1 | 1.5 | -6.9 | -2.6 | -14.0 | -9.8 | 1.7 | -6.0 | -9.6 | -9.6 | -12.6 | -14.6 | -9.6 | -92.8 |
Hainan | 1.5 | 2.4 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 0.5 | -0.2 | -0.9 | -2.2 | 0.6 | -2.9 | -0.5 | -1.6 | -3.6 | -2.0 | -5.6 |
Chongqing | -0.3 | -0.8 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.0 | -0.1 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 0.8 | 0.3 | -0.4 | 4.6 |
Sichuan | -6.0 | -0.8 | -4.2 | -8.1 | -3.4 | -2.5 | -3.6 | -2.1 | -8.4 | -10.9 | -6.7 | -4.9 | -10.0 | -11.0 | -82.7 |
Guizhou | -3.4 | -2.9 | -3.0 | -3.1 | -2.9 | -1.6 | -2.6 | -2.5 | -6.1 | -6.8 | -1.8 | -3.9 | -4.4 | -9.1 | -54.0 |
Yunnan | 5.5 | 0.4 | 4.0 | -1.5 | -2.5 | -1.6 | -3.2 | -0.3 | -4.2 | -4.7 | -0.3 | -5.7 | -7.6 | -5.8 | -27.6 |
Tibet | -0.9 | -0.4 | 1.3 | -0.4 | 2.5 | -2.1 | -8.3 | -3.9 | -1.1 | -1.7 | -1.2 | -2.8 | -15.1 | -2.5 | -36.5 |
Shaanxi | 1.5 | -3.4 | -0.3 | -3.3 | -2.2 | -2.3 | -0.7 | -1.9 | -3.4 | -6.6 | -4.3 | -5.1 | -5.2 | -3.7 | -40.8 |
Gansu | -3.3 | -7.5 | -4.4 | -0.2 | -0.1 | -1.6 | -1.1 | -3.0 | -11.7 | -7.4 | -1.4 | -4.5 | -5.3 | -5.7 | -57.2 |
Qinghai | -1.2 | -1.6 | -2.3 | -0.3 | -1.7 | -0.8 | -1.7 | -1.3 | -0.8 | -2.2 | -0.6 | -1.3 | -1.5 | -1.9 | -19.2 |
Ningxia | 3.7 | -4.8 | -15.4 | -4.7 | -2.2 | -8.1 | -12.2 | -1.1 | -5.3 | -5.1 | -3.0 | -3.3 | -4.1 | -4.2 | -69.9 |
Xinjiang | -3.7 | -56.9 | -29.0 | -32.7 | -15.9 | -9.5 | -24.7 | -19.8 | -24.2 | -23.4 | -20.0 | -14.2 | -31.0 | -26.4 | -331.4 |
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