Journal of Geographical Sciences ›› 2014, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (6): 1175-1197.doi: 10.1007/s11442-014-1146-7
• Research Articles • Previous Articles Next Articles
Rui LI1(), Qian GUO1, Dianting WU1,*(
), Hongmei YIN2, Hua ZHANG1, Taoxing ZHU3,4
Received:
2013-08-30
Accepted:
2014-01-20
Online:
2014-06-20
Published:
2014-06-20
About author:
Author: Li Rui (1984-), PhD, specialized in urban and regional tourism, ethnical village tourism. E-mail:
Supported by:
Rui LI, Qian GUO, Dianting WU, Hongmei YIN, Hua ZHANG, Taoxing ZHU. Spatial characteristics of development efficiency for urban tourism in eastern China: A case study of six coastal urban agglomerations[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2014, 24(6): 1175-1197.
Add to citation manager EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks
Table 1
Measurement indices of input-output efficiency of urban tourism"
Evaluation contents | Types | First grade indices | Second grade indices | Index sources |
---|---|---|---|---|
Development efficiency of urban tourism | Input indices | Labour inputs | Number of employees in urban tourism | Barros, Ma Xiaolong, Cao Fnagdong |
Capital inputs | Number of 3A, 4A and 5A scenic spots | Tsaur, Barros, Liang Mingshu, Cao Fangdong | ||
Number of 3-star, 4-star and 5-star hotels | ||||
Number of international travel agencies | ||||
Number of domestic travel agencies | ||||
Output indices | Efficiency outputs | Total number of tourists | Anderson, Ma Xiaolong, Cao Fnagdong | |
Total quantity of tourism incomes |
Table 2
Geometric means of the CE and the PTE and the SE of urban tourism in six coastal urban agglomerations in eastern China"
Name | 2001CE | 2006CE | 2011CE | 2001PTE | 2006PTE | 2011PTE | 2001SE | 2006SE | 2011SE |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
YRD | 0.485 | 0.627 | 0.743 | 0.659 | 0.777 | 0.878 | 0.740 | 0.821 | 0.879 |
BTH | 0.295 | 0.463 | 0.530 | 0.514 | 0.646 | 0.725 | 0.561 | 0.722 | 0.745 |
PRD | 0.478 | 0.619 | 0.766 | 0.657 | 0.767 | 0.864 | 0.737 | 0.820 | 0.923 |
SDP | 0.202 | 0.428 | 0.606 | 0.461 | 0.645 | 0.750 | 0.478 | 0.721 | 0.848 |
WBTS | 0.188 | 0.278 | 0.374 | 0.350 | 0.502 | 0.599 | 0.457 | 0.568 | 0.693 |
CSL | 0.195 | 0.356 | 0.484 | 0.401 | 0.559 | 0.655 | 0.467 | 0.620 | 0.752 |
Table 3
Geometric means of the variations of the PTE, the SE, the TE, the TP and the TFP of urban tourism in six coastal urban agglomerations in eastern China (2001-2011)"
Name | 2001 -2006 PTE | 2006 -2011 PTE | 2001 -2006 SE | 2006 -2011 SE | 2001 -2006 TE | 2006 -2011 TE | 2001 -2006 TP | 2006 -2011 TP | 2001 -2006 TFP | 2006 -2011 TFP |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
YRD | 1.184 | 1.105 | 1.078 | 1.004 | 1.226 | 1.277 | 1.174 | 1.134 | 1.441 | 1.333 |
BTH | 1.158 | 1.096 | 1.108 | 1.059 | 1.309 | 1.164 | 1.104 | 1.109 | 1.440 | 1.313 |
PRD | 1.150 | 1.138 | 1.083 | 1.096 | 1.274 | 1.244 | 1.114 | 1.157 | 1.456 | 1.380 |
SDP | 1.135 | 1.092 | 1.105 | 1.099 | 1.333 | 1.238 | 1.082 | 1.061 | 1.327 | 1.281 |
WBTS | 1.130 | 1.076 | 1.151 | 1.127 | 1.308 | 1.081 | 1.012 | 1.009 | 1.306 | 1.225 |
CSL | 1.114 | 1.076 | 1.158 | 1.121 | 1.202 | 1.195 | 1.001 | 1.011 | 1.240 | 1.204 |
Table 4
Influencing factors of the PTE, the SE, and the CE for urban tourism in six coastal urban agglomerations in eastern China (2001-2011)"
Influencing factors | Attractions number | Tourists number | Tourism documents number | Tourism input capital | Competitive tourism products number | Star-level tourism enterprises number | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PTE | 0.458 | 0.522 | 0.542 | 0.855*** | 0.905* | 0.876*** | ||
SE | 0.853* | 0.916** | 0.836*** | 0.692 | 0.587 | 0.491 | ||
CE | PRD and YRD | 0.415 | 0.493 | 0.521 | 0.917* | 0.816* | 0.942** | |
BTH and SDP | 0.527 | 0.618 | 0.721*** | 0.623 | 0.583 | 0.893** | ||
CSL and WBST | 0.819*** | 0.922** | 0.932* | 0.482 | 0.502 | 0.489 |
1 | Anderson R I, Fok R, 2000. Hotel industry efficiency: An advanced linear programming examination.American Business Review, 18(1): 40-48. |
2 | Anderson R I, Lewis D, Parker M E, 1999. Another look at the efficiency of corporate travel management departments.Journal of Travel Research, 37(3): 267-272. |
3 | Barros C P, 2005. Measuring efficiency in the hotel sector.Annals of Tourism Research, 32(2): 456-477. |
4 | Barros C P, Matias A, 2006. Assessing the efficiency of travel agencies with a stochastic cost frontier: A Portuguese case study.International Journal of Tourism Research, 8(5): 367-379. |
5 | Cao Fangdong, Huang Zhenfang, Wu Jianget al., 2012a. The space-time pattern evolution and its driving mechanism of urban tourism development efficiency: A case study of Pan-Yangtze River Delta.Geographical Research, 31(8): 1431-1444. (in Chinese) |
6 | Cao Fangdong, Huang Zhenfang, Wu Jianget al., 2012b. The relationship between tourism efficiency measure and location accessibility of Chinese national scenic areas.Acta Geographica Sinica, 67(12): 1686-1697. (in Chinese) |
7 | Caves D W, Christensen L R, Diewert W E, 1982. Multilateral comparisons of output, input and productivity using superlative index numbers.Economic Journal, 92: 73-86. |
8 | Charnes A, Cooper W W, Rhodes E, 1978. Measuring the efficiency of decision making units.European Journal of Operation Research, 2: 429-444. |
9 | Fang Chuanglin, Song Jitao, Li Xueqin et al., 2010. The theory and practice of sustainable development of urban agglomerations in China. Beijing: Science Press, 178. (in Chinese) |
10 | Fang Chuanglin, Yao Shimou, Liu Shenghe et al., 2011. The Development Report of Urban Agglomeration of China in 2010. Beijing: Science Press, 9. (in Chinese) |
11 | Fare R, Grosskopf S, Lovell C A K, 1994. Production Frontiers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 378. |
12 | Fare R, Grosskopf S, Norris M, 1997. Productivity growth, technical progress, and efficiency change in industrialized countries: Reply.American Economic Review, 87: 1040-1043. |
13 | Gregory Mankiw N G, 1977. Principle of Economics. London: Oxford University Press, 79-84. |
14 | Hall P, 1986. On the number of bootstrap simulations required to construct a confidence interval.Annals of Statistics, 14: 1453-1462. |
15 | Kniep A, Simar L, Wilson P W, 2003. Asymptotics and consistent bootstraps for DEA estimators in non-parametric frontier models. IAP Technical Report, 0323: 27-29. |
16 | Lee C K, Han S H, 2002. Estimating the use and preservation values of national parks’ tourism resources using a contingent valuation method. Tourism Management, 23(5): 531-540. |
17 | Li Xiande, Ning Yuemin, 2012. Review and prospect on urban agglomeration.Scientia Geographica Sinica, 32(3): 282-288. (in Chinese) |
18 | Liang Mingzhu, Yi Tingting, 2012. An evaluation and analysis of tourism efficiency in different cities and regions of Guangdong Province.Economic Geography, 32(10): 158-164. (in Chinese) |
19 | Ma Xiaolong, 2008.Evaluation on efficiency and total factors productivity of Chinese primary tourism cities: 1995-2005. Guangzhou: Sun Yat-Sen University. (in Chinese) |
20 | Ma Xiaolong, Bao Jigang, 2009. Evaluating the using efficiencies of Chinese national parks with DEA.Geographical Research, 28(3): 838-848. (in Chinese) |
21 | Ma Xiaolong, Bao Jigang, 2010a. Regional difference and spatial patterns of the tourism efficiency in Chinese primary tourism cities.Human Geography, 25(1): 105-110. (in Chinese) |
22 | Ma Xiaolong, Bao Jigang, 2010b. An evaluation on the efficiency of Chinese primary tourism cities based on the DEA.Resources Science, 32(1): 88-97. (in Chinese) |
23 | Ma Zhanxin, 2010. The DEA Model and Methods. Beijing: Science Press, 34. (in Chinese) |
24 | Morey R C, Dittman D A, 1995. Evaluating a hotel GM’s performance: A case study in benchmarking.The Cornell Hotel Restaurant and Administration Quarterly, 36(5): 30-35. |
25 | Sarkis J, Talluri S, 2004. Performance based clustering for benchmarking of US airports. Transportation Research Part A:Policy and Practice, 38(5): 329-346. |
26 | Simar L, Wilson P W, 2000. Statistical inference in nonparametric frontier models: The state of the art.Journal of Productivity Analysis, 13(1): 49-78. |
27 | Tsaur S H, 2000. The operating efficiency of international tourist hotels in Taiwan.Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 6(1): 29-37. |
28 | Tsaur S H, Chiang C I, Chang T Y, 1999. Evaluation the operation efficiency of international tourist hotels using the modified DEA model.Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 14(1): 73-78. |
29 | Wei Quanling, 2000. Effective methods on evaluating relative efficiency (DEA).Chinese Science Bulletin, 45(17): 1793-1807. (in Chinese) |
30 | Yu Hu, Lu Lin, Zhu Dongfanget al., 2012. Urban tourism to urban agglomeration tourism: A deepening systematic research.Progress in Geography, 31(8): 1087-1096. (in Chinese) |
31 | Zeng Chong, Wan Jianping, 2009. Interval estimate for VaR based on bootstrap method.Mathematics in Economics, 26(1): 58-63. (in Chinese) |
[1] | REN Yufei, FANG Chuangling, LIN Xueqin, SUN Siao, LI Guangdong, FAN Beili. Evaluation of the eco-efficiency of four major urban agglomerations in coastal eastern China [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2019, 29(8): 1315-1330. |
[2] | YU Ling, LIU Jiaming, LI Tao. Important progress and future prospects for studies on urban public recreational space in China [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2019, 29(11): 1923-1946. |
[3] | Gaocong LI, Shu Gao, Yaping WANG, Chunyan LI. Sediment flux from the Zhoushan Archipelago, eastern China [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2018, 28(4): 387-399. |
[4] | Ruili WANG, Guirui *YU, Nianpeng *HE, Qiufeng WANG, Ning ZHAO, Zhiwei XU. Latitudinal variation of leaf morphological traits from species to communities along a forest transect in eastern China [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2016, 26(1): 15-26. |
[5] | ZHANG Xuezhen, DAI Junhu, GE Quansheng. Variation in vegetation greenness in spring across eastern China during 1982-2006 [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2013, 23(1): 45-56. |
[6] | LI Qian, WEI Fengying, LI Dongliang. Interdecadal variation of East Asian summer monsoon and drought/flood distribution over eastern China in the last 159 years [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2011, 21(4): 579-593. |
[7] | SHENG Wenping, REN Shujie, YU Guirui, FANG Huajun, JIANG Chunming, ZHANG Mi. Patterns and driving factors of WUE and NUE in natural forest ecosystems along the North-South Transect of Eastern China [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2011, 21(4): 651-665. |
[8] | CUI Linli, SHI Jun. Temporal and spatial response of vegetation NDVI to temperature and precipitation in eastern China [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2010, 20(2): 163-176. |
[9] | LIU Ye, WU Shaohong, ZHENG Du, DAI Erfu. Soil indicators for eco-geographic regionalization: A case study in mid-temperate zone of eastern China [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2009, 19(2): 200-212. |
[10] | ZHANG Jia-shen, TAO Shu, CAO Jun. Fluorescence characteristics of water soluble organic carbon in eastern China [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2001, 11(4): 473-479. |
|