Journal of Geographical Sciences ›› 2019, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (3): 363-376.doi: 10.1007/s11442-019-1603-4
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Liang WANG1,2,3,4(), Hui LIU1,2,3,*(
)
Received:
2018-05-21
Accepted:
2018-07-15
Online:
2019-03-25
Published:
2019-03-20
Contact:
Hui LIU
E-mail:wangl.17b@igsnrr.ac.cn;liuh@igsnrr.ac.cn
About author:
Author: Wang Liang (1989-), PhD, specialized in regional sustainable development. E-mail:
Supported by:
Liang WANG, Hui LIU. Comprehensive evaluation of regional resources and environmental carrying capacity using a PS-DR-DP theoretical model[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2019, 29(3): 363-376.
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Table 1
Classification of resources and environmental carrying capacity"
Rank | Mean contribution value | Carrying capacity state |
---|---|---|
Ⅰ | ≤ 0.30 | Balance load at lower level with an approximate stable state |
Ⅱ | 0.30-0.70 | Unstable state developing at high speed |
Ⅲ | 0.70-0.85 | An ideal carrying capacity close to the stable state |
Ⅳ | ≥ 0.85 | A fully loaded state with the system collapsing |
Table 2
The evaluation index system for pressure and support used in this analysis"
Force | Influencing factor | Index | No. |
---|---|---|---|
Pressure | Water | Average water consumption (m3) Total water consumption (108 m3) | K11 K12 |
Land | Requisition of cultivated area (km2) Requisition of industrial and mining land (km2) | K13 K14 | |
Energy | Coal consumption (108 ton) Oil consumption (104 ton) Gas consumption (108 m3) Electricity consumption (108 kw·h) Energy consumption per unit of GDP (ton of standard coal/104 yuan) | K15 K16 K17 K18 K19 | |
Population | Population density (person/km2) Total population at year-end (104) Population growth rate (‰) Urban unemployment rate (%) GDP (104 yuan) | K110 K111 K112 K113 K114 | |
Support | Resources | Water resource per capita (m3/per capita) Total water resources (108 m3) Total land area (km2) Cultivated land increments of a year (km2) Cultivated land area (km2) Per capita food production (kg) Hydropower generation (108 kw·h) Coal reserves (108 ton) Crude oil production (104 ton) Gas production (108 m3) Electrical energy production (108 kw·h) | K115 K116 K117 K118 K119 K120 K121 K122 K123 K124 K125 |
Socioeconomy | Whole-society productivity (104 yuan/per capita) Disposable income per capita for urban citizens (104 yuan) Rural per capita net income (104 yuan) | K126 K127 K128 |
Table 3
The evaluation index system for destructiveness and resilience used in this analysis"
Force | Influencing factor | Index | No. |
---|---|---|---|
Destructiveness | Atmospheric environment | Sulfur dioxide emission (104 ton) Flue dust emission (ton) | K21 K22 |
Water environment | Wastewater discharge (104 ton) Chemical oxygen demand (104 ton) | K23 K24 | |
Soil environment | Dangerous industrial solid waste output (104 ton) General industrial solid waste output (104 ton) | K25 K26 | |
Major disaster | Fatality rate of class A and class B infectious diseases (1/105) Number of geological disasters Number of sudden environmental accidents | K27 K28 K29 | |
Resilience | Pollutant treatment | Proportion of environmental pollution control costs in GDP (%) Amount of industrial sulfur dioxide removal (104 ton) Disposal of general industrial solid waste (104 ton) Disposal of dangerous industrial solid waste (104 ton) City sewage treatment rate (%) | K210 K211 K212 K213 K214 |
Disaster prevention | Number of disease control centers Number of automatic meteorological stations Number of seismological stations Number of emergency shelters | K215 K216 K217 K218 |
Table 4
The evaluation index system for degradation and promotion used in this analysis"
Force | Influencing factor | Index | No. |
---|---|---|---|
Degradation | Desertification | Desertification land area (hm2) | K31 |
Forest degradation | Area of plantation forestry (hm2) Forest disease and insect pest and rodent disaster area (hm2) | K32 K33 | |
Water and soil erosion | Increased area of water and soil erosion (hm2) Scope of responsibility for soil erosion control (hm2) | K34 K35 | |
Promotion | Protection and governance | Forest area (hm2) Wetland area (hm2) Afforestation area (hm2) | K36 K37 K38 |
Small watershed management area (hm2) Control rate of forest disease and insect pest and rodent disaster (%) Control area of water and soil erosion (hm2) Natural reserve area (hm2) | K39 K310 K311 K312 |
Table 5
Evaluation index standardization values for Beijing between 2008 and 2010"
Index | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | Index | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | Index | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
K11 K12 K13 K14 K15 K16 K17 K18 K19 K110 K111 K112 K113 K114 K115 K116 K117 K118 K119 | 1.0000 0.1665 0.0527 0.2323 0.0130 0.0530 0.2877 0.3272 0.0031 0.0376 0.0840 0.0162 0.0863 0.0527 0.9749 0.1622 0.0778 0.0094 0.0110 | 1.0000 0.1725 0.1440 0.4116 0.0129 0.0565 0.3372 0.3592 0.0029 0.0369 0.0904 0.0170 0.0680 0.0591 0.6152 0.1059 0.0797 0.0096 0.0113 | 0.8629 0.1604 0.0679 1.0000 0.0120 0.0509 0.3407 0.3690 0.0026 0.0544 0.0894 0.0140 0.0638 0.0643 0.5658 0.1052 0.0748 0.0090 0.0106 | K120 K121 K122 K123 K124 K125 K126 K127 K128 K21 K22 K23 K24 K25 K26 K27 K28 K29 K210 | 0.3577 0.0002 0.3173 0.0000 0.0000 0.1172 0.0548 0.0124 0.0051 0.0661 0.0190 0.6089 0.0543 0.0645 0.0622 0.1115 0.0860 0.1989 0.0785 | 0.3513 0.0002 0.3401 0.0000 0.0000 0.1200 0.0597 0.0137 0.0057 0.0538 0.0165 0.6372 0.0448 0.0507 0.0562 0.0500 0.0543 0.1403 0.0778 | 0.2838 0.0020 0.1727 0.0000 0.0000 0.1230 0.0634 0.0140 0.0060 0.0542 0.0181 0.5308 0.0434 0.0538 0.0599 0.0725 0.0519 0.1415 0.0774 | K211 K212 K213 K214 K215 K216 K217 K218 K31 K32 K33 K34 K35 K36 K37 K38 K39 K310 K311 K312 | 0.0605 0.0402 0.0366 0.4243 0.1667 1.0000 0.5591 0.1774 0.1202 0.5959 0.0858 0.0706 0.0098 0.0198 0.8336 0.0757 0.0610 0.0219 1.0000 0.2991 | 0.0511 0.0341 0.0258 0.3633 0.1403 1.0000 0.4570 0.1493 0.1049 0.6849 0.0754 0.1105 0.0142 0.0346 1.0000 0.0661 0.0164 0.0191 0.9833 0.2611 | 0.0613 0.0368 0.0307 0.3873 0.1462 1.0000 0.4387 0.1557 0.0965 0.6568 0.0730 0.0571 0.0276 0.0258 0.9589 0.0634 0.0146 0.0183 1.0000 0.2504 |
Table 7
The carrying capacity of Beijing between 2010 and 2015"
Contribution value | Pressure | Support | Destructiveness | Resilience | Degeneration | Promotion | Carrying state | Mean contribution |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2010 | 0.7468 | 0.6065 | 0.6191 | 0.7874 | 0.6917 | 0.6931 | 1.0143 | 0.6908 |
2015 | 0.7428 | 0.6627 | 0.5827 | 0.7443 | 0.6432 | 0.8394 | 1.1411 | 0.7025 |
Table 8
The degree to which the energy and resources of Beijing were externally dependent between 2010 and 2015"
Net input | Crude oil (104 tons) | Gas (108 m3) | Water resource (108 m3) |
---|---|---|---|
2010 | 1,116.29 | 74.79 | 12.1 |
2015 | 1,165.18 | 130 | 11.4 |
External dependence in 2010 (%) | 100 | 100 | 34.375 |
External dependence in 2015 (%) | 100 | 88.51 | 29.84 |
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