Journal of Geographical Sciences ›› 2017, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (12): 1521-1540.doi: 10.1007/s11442-017-1450-0
• Research Articles • Previous Articles Next Articles
Lili JIANG1,2, Qizhang LIANG2(), Qingwen QI1,2,*(
), Yanjun YE3, Xun LIANG2
Received:
2016-08-24
Accepted:
2017-02-28
Online:
2017-12-10
Published:
2017-12-10
Contact:
Qingwen QI
E-mail:jiangll@igsnrr.ac.cn;qiqw@igsnrr.ac.cn
About author:
Author: Jiang Lili, PhD, specialized in cartography, GIS and remote sensing. E-mail:
Supported by:
Lili JIANG, Qizhang LIANG, Qingwen QI, Yanjun YE, Xun LIANG. The heritage and cultural values of ancient Chinese maps[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2017, 27(12): 1521-1540.
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Table 1
Typical ancient maps from the Western Jin Dynasty to Yuan Dynasty of China"
No | Name of map | Time (AD) | Type of map | Author | Collections |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Yu Gong Regional Maps (18) | AD 224-271 | Historic Atlas (Yu to Western Jin) | Pei Xiu | Biography of Pei Xiu Western Jin Dynasty |
2 | Terrain Fangzhang Map | AD 224-271 | Ancient Terrain Map (1:1,800,000) | Pei Xiu | Biography of Pei Xiu Western Jin Dynasty |
3 | Wooden Fangzhang Map | AD 502-557 | County map of Liang Dynasty | Xie Zhuang | Biography of Xie Zhuang in History of Southern Dynasties |
4 | 129 volumes of Quyutuzhi | AD 581-600 | The first county chronicle on unification of China | Organized by Emperor Sui | Historical records |
5 | Records of Maps of Western Countries | AD 604-618 | 44 Western countries | Pei Ju | Historical records |
6 | States Atlas 100 volumes | AD 615 | National Records of Sui Dynasty | Sui Langmao | Historical records |
7 | Haineihuayi Tu | AD 730-805 | Map of China and its neighboring countries | Jia Dan, minister of Tang Dynasty | Biography of Jia Dan in old history of Tang |
8 | Map of Yuanhejun County | AD 805-820 | Geographical Records of Tang Dynasty | Li Jipu, Prime Minister of Tang Dynasty | Historical records |
9 | Round Map* | AD 1020-1080 | Yu Map of Central Asia | Mahmudde Kashgaly | National Library of Istanbul |
10 | Map of Song Dynasty | AD 1086-1093 | County map of Song Dynasty | Mengxibitan, Shen Kuo | National Library of China |
11 | Geographic map of successive dynasties | AD 1098-1100 | Historic Atlas | Shui Anli of Northern Song | National Library of China |
12 | Yu Map* | AD 1044-1130 | Wooden map of geography | Huang Shang of Northern Song | An Atlas of Ancient China |
13 | Stone carved Astronomical Map of Suzhou | AD 1044-1130 | Astronomical map (AD1190 stone carved) | Huang Shang of Northern Song | Suzhou Museum of Forest of Steles |
14 | Map of Yuji | AD 1080-1094 | Stone carved geographical map (AD1136) | Liu Yu carved in 7 years of Fuchang | Shaanxi Museum of History |
15 | Terrain Map of Western Xia* | AD1108 | Geographical map | Wanli of Ming Dynasty | National Library of China |
16 | Map of Jiuyushouli* | AD 1121/ Northern Song | County map of Song Dynasty | Song Changzong of Northern Song | Sichuan Museum |
17 | Huayi Tu | Drawn from 1117 to 1125 /Carved in 1136 | Stone carved geographical map | Haineihuayi Map | Shaanxi Museum |
18 | Liujingtubei* | 1155 | Historic evolution map carved on tablet | Yang Jia of Southern Song Dynasty | National Library of China |
No | Name of map | Time (AD) | Type of map | Author | Collections |
19 | Geographic Maps of 15 countries* | 1165 | Historic evolution map | Yang Jia of Southern Song Dynasty | National Library of China |
20 | Geographic Map of China * | 1177 | Historic evolution atlas | Cheng Dachang of Southern Song Dynasty | National Library of China |
21 | Geographic Map of Qidan* | 1180 | Qidan administrative map | Ye Longli of Southern Song | National Library of China |
22 | Map of Zhuili * | Painted in 1190/ inscribed on sto- ne tablet in 1247 | Geographic map of Song Dynasty | Huang Shang of Southern Song | Stone tablets Museum in Suzhou |
23 | Atlas of Empires | 1201 | Tupu liujing book | Tang Zhongyou of Southern Song | National Library of China |
24 | Administrative Map of Shaanxi* | 1214 | Administrative map of Jin Dynasty (1187) | Shaanxi | |
25 | Attached map of Record of Vernal and Autumnal and equinox* | 1205-1243 | Historic evolution map (14) | Chenggong of Song Dynasty | Sikuquanshu (Wenyuange of Taiwan) |
26 | Yu Map | 1315 | Terrestrial map of China (including neighboring countries) | Zhu Siben | Hongxian Luo (Guangyu Tu) |
27 | Shengjiaoguangbei Map | Yuan Dynasty | Terrestrial map of Yuan Dynasty | Li Zemin | Original map |
28 | Hunyijiangli map | Yuan Dynasty | Terrestrial map of Yuan Dynasty | Qing Jun | Original map |
29 | Guangyujiangli map | 1360 | Terrestrial map of Yuan Dynasty | Qing Jun | Ye Sheng (Shuidong Diary) |
Table 2
Typical ancient maps from the Ming and Qing dynasties of China"
No | Name of map | Time (AD) | Type | Author | Collections | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Daminghunyi Map | 1389 | Map of China | unknown | The First Historical Archives of China | ||||
2 | Map of China | 1418(Original map) | Double hemisphere map | Copied by Mo Yitong (1763) | Liu Gang, folk collector | ||||
3 | Charts of Zheng He’s Voyages* | 1430 | Ocean sailing map | Zheng He fleet | Peking Library | ||||
4 | China Map of Ming Dynasty | 1461 | China map of Ming Dynasty (atlas) | Li Xian, Wan An | Peking University Library | ||||
5 | Yangziqibayudi Map | 1512 | China map of Ming Dynasty | Yang Ziqi | Beijing Luxun Museum | ||||
6 | Huangmingyu Map | 1529 | China map of Ming Dynasty | Gui E | Peking Library | ||||
7 | Wanlihaifang Map | 1530-1563 | Coastal defense atlas | Zheng Ruozeng | Library of Congress | ||||
8 | Jiubian Map (copy)* | 1534 | Military map (Land defense map) | Military department (Xu Lun) | China History Museum | ||||
9 | Guangyu Map* | 1553-1557 | Atlas of China | Luo Hongxian | Peking Library | ||||
10 | Chouhai Map | 1561 | Coastal defense map | Zheng Ruozeng | Peking Library | ||||
11 | Notes of Geography | 1564 | Atlas of China | Xu Xiongzhi, Xu Weishi | Chinese Academy of Sciences Library | ||||
12 | China Map - Ancient and modern figures’ deeds* | 1593 | Map of the world | Liang Zhou (China traditional painting) | Collected by Philip Robinson in England | ||||
13 | China Map of Wang Banshi* | 1594 | Map of China | No author | The National Library of France | ||||
14 | Kunyuwanguo Map* | 1602 | Map of the world (oval) | Matteo Ricci et al. | University of Minnesota Library | ||||
15 | China Map* | 1602 | Military map (land defense map) | Shen Yongmao | China History Museum | ||||
16 | China Coastal Defense Map (copy)* | 1605 | Coastal defense map (atlas) | Dong Kewei | China First Historical Archives | ||||
17 | Liangyixuanzang Map* | 1603 | Map of the world (eight maps) | Li Yingshi | Liaoning Museum | ||||
18 | Kunyuwanguo Map (copy)* | 1608 | Map of the world | Eunuch of Ming Dynasty | Nanjing Museum | ||||
19 | Sancaituhui* | 1609 | Map of China | Wang Qi, Wang Siyi | National Library of China | ||||
20 | East and west HemiSphere Map (Fangyushenglue attached map)* | 1610 | Double hemisphere map of the world | Cheng Baier | Peking Library | ||||
21 | Wubei Zhi | 1621 | Synthetic book on art of the war | Mao Yuanyi | National Library of China | ||||
22 | Globe* | 1623 | Globe in Chinese | Yang Manuo, Long Huamin | British Museum | ||||
23 | Huangmingzhifang Map* | 1636 | Atlas of China | Chen Zushou | National Library of China | ||||
24 | Border Map, Coastal Defense Map | 1639 | Map of the world | Gu Yanwu | National Library of China | ||||
25 | Atlas and Geographical Description of Ming Empire* | 1643 | Atlas of China | Wu Xueyan, Zhu Shaoben | National Library of China | ||||
26 | Historical Atlas of China* | 1643 | Historical Atlas | Wu Guofu, Shen Dingzhi | Library of US Congress | ||||
27 | World Map* | 1644 | Map of the world | Cao Junyi | Peking Library | ||||
28 | World Map | 1674 | Map of the world | Nan Huairen | Hebei University Library | ||||
29 | China Map | 1705 | China map of Kangxi Era | Hu Wei | |||||
30 | Complete Map of the Empire of Kangxi’s Reign | 1718 | Map of China | Du Demei | National Library of China | ||||
31 | Pengtai Nautical Chart | 1714-1722 | Nautical chart | Unknown | Lushun Museum | ||||
32 | Yongzhengshipai Tu | 1726 | Map of China | Chinese and Westerns | Chinese Academy of Sciences Library | ||||
33 | Full View Map of Coast | 1731 | Coastal defense map of China | Chen Lunjiong | Nanjing Museum | ||||
No | Name of map | Time(AD) | Type | Author | Collections | ||||
34 | Fengzhouchuyang shunfengzhenlu | 1756 | Navigation map (From Fuzhou to Liuqiu) | No annotated | Beijing Library | ||||
35 | Kunyu Map | 1760 | Map of the world | Jiang Youren et al. | The first Historical Archives of China | ||||
36 | Shisanpai Map of Qianlong’s Reign | 1761 | Map of China | Jiang Youren et al. | Palace Museum | ||||
37 | Ancient Map of Taiwan | 1787 | Map of Taiwan | Anthropology Museum of Xiamen University / National Central Library in Taipei | |||||
38 | Coastal Map of Seven Provinces | 1787-1795 | China coastal defense map | Chen Lunjiong | China Historical Museum | ||||
39 | General Map of Qianweihoucang | 1798 | China Tibet Map | Concise map of Xizhao (attached) | Chinese Academy of Sciences Library(1827) | ||||
40 | A complete Map of Qing Dynasty | 1800 | Atlas of China | Huang Zhengsun (Qing Dynasty) | National Mapping Information Archives | ||||
41 | Canal Map | 1821-1825 | China Grand Canal Map | No annotated | Peking Library | ||||
42 | Map of United Country of the Qing Dynasty | 1832 | Map of China of Qing Daoguang’s Reign | Li Zhaoluo, Dong Fangli | Peking Library | ||||
43 | Map of Historical Geography | 1822-1837 | Historical Atlas (Ming Dynasty) | Liu Yan | Chinese Academy of Sciences Library | ||||
44 | Illustrated Record of Maritime Nations | 1842-1852 | Atlas of the world (75 sheets) | Wei Yuan, Lin Zexu | Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Library | ||||
45 | Complete Atlas of the Imperial Domain | 1844 | Map of China | Zou Boqi | |||||
46 | Wanguodadi Tu | 1845 | Map of the world | Ye Zipei | Shijiazhuang Museum in Hebei Province | ||||
47 | Island Maps of Pacific Ocean (38 sheets) | 1848 | Yinghuanzhilue, attached map | Xu Jiyu | National Library | ||||
48 | Atlas of the Great Qing Dynasty | 1863 | Map of China | Hu Linyi et al. | National Library | ||||
49 | Complete Map of Qing Dynasty | 1863 | China atlas of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty | Hu Linyi, Yan Shusen | National Mapping Information Archives | ||||
50 | Historical Map of Successive Dynasties | 1863 | Historical Atlas | Yang Shoujing | National Mapping Information Archives | ||||
51 | Map of World Continents | 1875 | Map of the world | Kuang Qizhao | China Map Publishing Group | ||||
52 | Wanguo Tu | 1886 | Map of the world | Chen Zhaotong | China Map Publishing Group | ||||
53 | Map of United Country of the Qing Dynasty | 1898 | Map of China (Guangxu’s 24 years of Qing Dynasty) | Liu Chengru | Peking Library | ||||
54 | Complete Map of Qing Dynasty | 1899 | Atlas of China | Map of laws and systems of Guangxu’s reign | National Library | ||||
55 | Map of World | 1903 | Map of the world | Zou Daijun | China Map Publishing Group | ||||
56 | Atlas of the Provinces of Qing Dynasty | 1904 | Map of China (Guangxu’s 30 years of Qing Dynasty) | Zou Daijun | National Mapping Information Archives | ||||
57 | Map of Commentary on the Waterways | 1905 | Drainage thematic maps | Yang Shoujing | National Mapping Information Archives | ||||
58 | Chinese and foreign map of 20th century | 1906 | Atlas of the world (Guangxu’s 32 years) | Zhou Shitang, Sun Haihuan | National Mapping Information Archives | ||||
59 | Empire Map of Qing Dynasty | 1908 | Atlas of China (Guangxu’s 34 years) | Commercial Press | Ningxia Museum |
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