Clustering stream profiles to understand the geomorphological features and evolution of the Yangtze River by using DEMs

doi:10.1007/s11442-021-1911-3

Abstract

Abstract:

Stream morphology is an important indicator for revealing the geomorphological features and evolution of the Yangtze River. Existing studies on the morphology of the Yangtze River focus on planar features. However, the vertical features are also important. Vertical features mainly control the flow ability and erosion intensity. Furthermore, traditional studies often focus on a few stream profiles in the Yangtze River. However, stream profiles are linked together by runoff nodes, thus affecting the geomorphological evolution of the Yangtze River naturally. In this study, a clustering method of stream profiles in the Yangtze River is proposed by plotting all profiles together. Then, a stream evolution index is used to investigate the geomorphological features of the stream profile clusters to reveal the evolution of the Yangtze River. Based on the stream profile clusters, the erosion base of the Yangtze River generally changes from steep to gentle from the upper reaches to the lower reaches, and the evolution degree of the stream changes from low to high. The asymmetric distribution of knickpoints in the Hanshui River Basin supports the view that the boundary of the eastward growth of the Tibetan Plateau has reached the vicinity of the Daba Mountains.

Key words: stream profile clusters, Yangtze River, geomorphological feature, stream evolution, digital elevation model

ZHAO Fei, XIONG Liyang, WANG Chun, WEI Hong, MA Junfei, TANG Guoan. Clustering stream profiles to understand the geomorphological features and evolution of the Yangtze River by using DEMs[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2021, 31(11): 1555-1574.

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Basin name	Slope^*	Mean	Median	Standard deviation
Jinsha River	1.76*10^‒1	0.33	0.33	0.12
Minjiang River	3.62*10^‒1	0.29	0.28	0.10
Yuanjiang River	6.71*10^‒2	0.21	0.22	0.08
Hanshui River	5.9*10^‒2	0.22	0.20	0.07
Ganjiang River	3.07*10^‒2	0.15	0.15	0.06
Lower Reach	1.86*10^‒2	0.14	0.12	0.04

Basin hierarchy	Mean	Median	Standard deviation
Primary basin	0.2966	0.2964	0.1105
Secondary basin	0.2817	0.2755	0.0941
Tertiary basin	0.2194	0.2033	0.1152

Precipitation	Mean	Median	Standard deviation
Semi-arid area	0.3852	0.3826	0.0701
Semi-humid area	0.2762	0.2805	0.1018
Humid area	0.2702	0.2634	0.1092

Landform type	Mean	Median	Standard deviation
Mountain	0.2587	0.2514	0.0947
Hill	0.3066	0.3052	0.1223
Plain	0.1857	0.1673	0.1026