Climate change and multi-dimensional sustainable urbanization

doi:10.1007/s11442-021-1895-z

Abstract

Abstract:

Global large-scale urbanization and climate change have become indisputable scientific facts yet are unresolved issues, and are a common concern for mankind. The relationship between these two topics is unclear and it is not known how to deal appropriately at the scientific level with climate change in the process of urbanization. Further exploration of the science, management and practice, are needed to achieve global and regional sustainable development. This paper first considers the basic facts concerning mass urbanization and climate change and summarizes the interactions and possible mechanisms of urbanization and climate change. Urbanization leads to the heat island effect, an uneven distribution of precipitation and extreme weather, together with a local-regional-global multi-scale superposition effect, which aggravates the consequences of global climate change. The impact of climate change on urbanization is mainly manifested in aspects such as changes of energy consumption, mortality, and the spread of infectious diseases, sea level rise, extreme weather damage to infrastructure, and water shortages. This paper also briefly reviews relevant international research programs and action coalitions and puts forward an analysis framework of multi-dimensional sustainable urbanization which can adapt to and mitigate climate change, from the perspective of the four key dimensions—population, land use, economy, and society. It is imperative that we strengthen the interdisciplinary activities involving the natural and social sciences, take urbanization and other human activities into consideration of the land - atmosphere system, and explore the human-land-atmosphere coupling process. The adaptation and mitigation from the perspective of human activities, as represented by urbanization, might be the most critical and realistic way to deal with climate change.

Key words: sustainable urbanization, global change, interaction, human-land-atmosphere coupling, land- atmosphere coupling, adaptation and mitigation

CHEN Mingxing, XIAN Yue, WANG Pengling, DING Zijin. Climate change and multi-dimensional sustainable urbanization[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2021, 31(9): 1328-1348.

Figures/Tables 6

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Table 1

Examples of cross-regional urban cooperation networks at different scales (after Bai et al., 2019)

	Core areas	Examples of key initiatives
Global networks
UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)	Global comprehensive sustainable development goals	2030 Program
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)	Assessment of scientific, technical and socio-economic information on global climate change	Synthesis and thematic assessment report
Future Earth	A global research network across disciplines such as nature, humanities, and engineering, and solutions to sustainable development	Scientific planning, Chinese National Committee for Future Earth and other regional committees
100 Resilient Cities	City action, resilience solutions, local leaders, global influence	100 Resilient Cities Network
C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group	Climate adaptation, mitigation implementation, air quality, energy & buildings, food, waste & water, transportation & urban planning	Deadline 2020
Cities Alliance	Global south cities, urban slums, cities and sustainable development	Innovation Programme
Coalition for Urban Transitions	Economics, policy, options, finance	Financing the Urban Transition
Global Covenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy	Data, finance, innovation for addressing climate change	Innovate 4 Cities
ICLEI Local Governments for Sustainability	Low-emissions, nature-based, circular, resilient, equitable and people centered development pathways	Talanoa Dialogues, 100% RE Cities and regions network
Metropolis	Urban diplomacy and metropolitan advocacy, capacities for metropolitan governance	Metropolis Urban Innovation, Metropolis Observatory
United Cities and Local Governments (UCLG)	Metropolitan areas, intermediary cities, territories, Localizing SDGs	Learning UCLG
Urban Climate Change Research Network	Scientific assessment on urban climate change issues specific to urban climate change needs (UHI, air quality, urban design etc.)	Urban Climate Change Assessment (ARC3)
Urban Knowledge Action Network	Link urban science to urban policy and practise, capacity building for co-designing sustainable urban futures	Cities and Climate Change Science Conference, Nature and the Urban Century Assessment, Urban Planet Book Project
Regional Networks
African Center for Cities	Convener and central knowledge hub driving evidence-based policy influence across the African continent	City-lab programme, NOTRUC initiative, MOVE program
Federation of Canadian Municipalities	Organizer, convener and municipal funder representing all of Canada’s municipalities	Municipalities for Climate Innovation
Urban Resilience to Weather-related Extremes Sustainability Research Network	Linking urban science to urban policy, planning, and management, and building capacity through codesign of resilient urban futures with local and regional stakeholders

Table 1

Figure 5

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