Journal of Geographical Sciences ›› 2021, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (8): 1140-1158.doi: 10.1007/s11442-021-1889-x
• Special Issue: Ecohydrology • Previous Articles Next Articles
WANG Qin1(), WANG Shuwen2, HU Qingfang1,3,*(
), WANG Yintang1,3, LIU Yong1, LI Lingjie1,3
Received:
2020-12-06
Accepted:
2021-05-10
Online:
2021-08-25
Published:
2021-10-25
Contact:
HU Qingfang
E-mail:wangqinncwu@163.com;qfhu@nhri.cn
About author:
Wang Qin (1995-), MD, specialized in hydrology and water resources. E-mail: wangqinncwu@163.com
Supported by:
WANG Qin, WANG Shuwen, HU Qingfang, WANG Yintang, LIU Yong, LI Lingjie. Calculation of instream ecological water requirements under runoff variation conditions: Taking Xitiaoxi River in Taihu Lake Basin as an example[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2021, 31(8): 1140-1158.
Add to citation manager EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks
Table 4
IHA indicator calculation results at HTCS
IHA indicator | Hydrological parameter | Observed runoff | Natural runoff | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | Cv | RVA threshold value | Mean | Cv | RVA threshold value | ||||
Upper limit | Lower limit | Upper limit | Lower limit | ||||||
Monthly mean flow | Mean flow in January | 15.16 | 0.67 | 20.17 | 7.71 | 22.94 | 0.49 | 30.17 | 14.74 |
Mean flow in February | 21.90 | 0.70 | 28.82 | 9.51 | 29.76 | 0.46 | 39.92 | 16.82 | |
Mean flow in March | 35.37 | 0.52 | 46.92 | 21.26 | 39.30 | 0.46 | 48.57 | 26.09 | |
Mean flow in April | 35.20 | 0.49 | 42.94 | 22.42 | 40.12 | 0.38 | 49.92 | 29.14 | |
Mean flow in May | 38.34 | 0.65 | 48.52 | 17.99 | 42.98 | 0.40 | 51.71 | 31.49 | |
Mean flow in June | 51.28 | 0.88 | 59.48 | 18.12 | 61.52 | 0.57 | 69.76 | 37.52 | |
Mean flow in July | 48.18 | 0.77 | 64.55 | 23.43 | 57.77 | 0.51 | 70.95 | 37.89 | |
Mean flow in August | 42.80 | 0.85 | 64.18 | 14.17 | 57.39 | 0.58 | 78.22 | 32.53 | |
Mean flow in September | 43.13 | 0.79 | 55.65 | 20.10 | 55.94 | 0.56 | 70.60 | 37.22 | |
Mean flow in October | 27.22 | 1.08 | 27.78 | 9.12 | 35.87 | 0.69 | 46.14 | 19.81 | |
Mean flow in November | 16.66 | 0.78 | 20.67 | 9.31 | 27.40 | 0.57 | 35.38 | 17.49 | |
Mean flow in December | 14.71 | 0.72 | 20.27 | 6.83 | 21.48 | 0.55 | 25.67 | 14.47 | |
Annual mean extreme values | Min. 1-day flow | 1.82 | 1.61 | 1.84 | 0.00 | 6.89 | 0.30 | 8.65 | 5.27 |
Min. 3-day flow | 2.34 | 1.32 | 2.76 | 0.07 | 7.04 | 0.31 | 8.81 | 5.35 | |
Min. 7-day flow | 2.98 | 1.08 | 4.05 | 0.19 | 7.44 | 0.31 | 8.98 | 5.74 | |
Min. 30-day flow | 5.80 | 0.69 | 7.17 | 2.98 | 11.39 | 0.35 | 14.45 | 8.41 | |
Min. 90-day flow | 13.15 | 0.53 | 16.21 | 8.43 | 22.13 | 0.34 | 27.39 | 16.45 | |
Max. 1-day flow | 492.06 | 0.51 | 679.00 | 308.00 | 463.33 | 0.54 | 581.41 | 277.67 | |
Max. 3-day flow | 352.80 | 0.51 | 477.33 | 205.00 | 354.33 | 0.51 | 438.15 | 220.54 | |
Max. 7-day flow | 238.82 | 0.52 | 302.86 | 138.86 | 224.20 | 0.44 | 289.10 | 145.50 | |
Max. 30-day flow | 108.69 | 0.46 | 137.18 | 75.04 | 110.04 | 0.35 | 141.66 | 82.53 | |
Max. 90-day flow | 64.31 | 0.38 | 80.67 | 49.23 | 71.55 | 0.31 | 88.45 | 54.07 | |
Number of days with zero runoff | 7.60 | 2.44 | 3.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
Base flow indicator | 0.09 | 0.97 | 0.14 | 0.01 | 0.18 | 0.24 | 0.22 | 0.16 | |
Annual extreme value occurring time | Max. flow occurring time | 198.48 | 0.34 | 244.00 | 166.00 | 202.61 | 0.28 | 245.00 | 174.00 |
Min. flow occurring time | 208.48 | 0.57 | 312.00 | 92.00 | 190.90 | 0.78 | 346.00 | 39.00 | |
High and low flows and duration | Low flow trough value | 14.35 | 0.30 | 17.00 | 11.00 | 18.13 | 0.24 | 21.00 | 15.00 |
Low flow mean duration | 13.32 | 0.83 | 18.00 | 5.00 | 9.23 | 0.40 | 11.00 | 6.00 | |
High flow peak value | 6.33 | 0.36 | 7.45 | 4.93 | 5.45 | 0.25 | 6.05 | 4.56 | |
High flow mean duration | 7.60 | 0.64 | 10.14 | 4.00 | 9.00 | 0.35 | 11.00 | 6.73 | |
Flow changing rate and frequency | Water rising rate | 118.56 | 0.25 | 129.00 | 98.00 | 78.27 | 0.09 | 84.00 | 73.00 |
Water falling rate | 14.93 | 0.41 | 19.27 | 11.03 | 17.87 | 0.29 | 21.30 | 14.27 | |
Number of reverses | 10.23 | 0.37 | 12.41 | 7.33 | 9.56 | 0.30 | 11.67 | 7.25 |
Table 5
Calculation of EWRs in different scenarios
Division of time periods | No. | Observed runoff | No. | Natural runoff |
---|---|---|---|---|
Time period before variation | O1 | 1957‒1998 | N1 | 1957‒2006 |
Time period after variation | O2 | 1999‒2018 | N2a | 2007‒2018 |
N2b | 1999‒2018 | |||
Variation not taken into account | O3 | 1957‒2018 | N3 | 1957‒2018 |
Table 6
The EWRs at HTCS calculated by natural runoff (m3/s)
Time period | 1957-2006 (N1) | 2007-2018 (N2a) | 1999-2018 (N2b) | 1957-2018 (N3) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Monthly mean flow | Ecological flow | Monthly mean flow | Ecological flow | Monthly mean flow | Ecological flow | Monthly mean flow | Ecological flow | |
January | 21.3 | 6.0 | 29.5 | 8.4 | 28.3 | 8.3 | 22.9 | 7.7 |
February | 28.0 | 10.6 | 37.0 | 8.5 | 34.4 | 11.0 | 29.8 | 11.5 |
March | 36.7 | 10.9 | 50.1 | 14.9 | 44.0 | 15.1 | 39.3 | 11.2 |
April | 38.7 | 10.5 | 46.1 | 13.1 | 40.9 | 16.2 | 40.1 | 10.4 |
May | 43.9 | 10.2 | 39.3 | 9.0 | 40.6 | 10.0 | 43.0 | 10.1 |
June | 57.5 | 14.2 | 78.5 | 42.2 | 70.3 | 20.0 | 61.5 | 16.1 |
July | 54.6 | 16.3 | 71.0 | 11.8 | 63.8 | 20.5 | 57.8 | 16.5 |
August | 52.4 | 17.3 | 78.3 | 38.8 | 69.3 | 35.0 | 57.4 | 22.8 |
September | 56.0 | 18.1 | 55.9 | 10.0 | 48.5 | 11.0 | 55.9 | 16.7 |
October | 31.8 | 10.0 | 53.0 | 31.3 | 40.3 | 18.8 | 35.9 | 13.2 |
November | 24.4 | 7.1 | 39.7 | 16.7 | 34.1 | 13.3 | 27.4 | 8.9 |
December | 18.9 | 3.7 | 32.1 | 9.6 | 28.7 | 8.8 | 21.5 | 5.6 |
Mean | 38.7 | 11.2 | 50.9 | 17.9 | 45.3 | 15.7 | 41.0 | 12.6 |
Table 7
The EWRs at HTCS calculated by observed runoff (m3/s)
Time period | 1957-1998 (O1) | 1999-2018 (O2) | 1957-2018 (O3) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Monthly mean flow | Ecological flow | Monthly mean flow | Ecological flow | Monthly mean flow | Ecological flow | |
January | 14.9 | 5.3 | 15.7 | 6.9 | 15.2 | 6.2 |
February | 23.1 | 10.6 | 19.3 | 5.5 | 21.9 | 9.7 |
March | 36.4 | 13.3 | 33.2 | 9.5 | 35.4 | 12.8 |
April | 38.8 | 8.6 | 27.7 | 9.2 | 35.2 | 10.3 |
May | 44.8 | 18.0 | 24.8 | 11.6 | 38.3 | 15.3 |
June | 50.6 | 21.3 | 52.7 | 20.4 | 51.3 | 20.7 |
July | 50.7 | 25.3 | 42.9 | 12.1 | 48.2 | 20.6 |
August | 40.1 | 23.5 | 48.6 | 35.5 | 42.8 | 25.0 |
September | 51.7 | 19.2 | 25.2 | 9.3 | 43.1 | 17.8 |
October | 27.8 | 7.7 | 26.0 | 11.3 | 27.2 | 9.3 |
November | 17.0 | 4.8 | 16.0 | 8.4 | 16.7 | 5.7 |
December | 14.1 | 6.7 | 15.9 | 6.3 | 14.7 | 6.7 |
Mean | 34.2 | 13.7 | 29.0 | 12.2 | 32.5 | 13.3 |
Table 8
Eigenvalue of EWRs at HTCS calculated by natural runoff in different periods
Calculation time period | 1957-2006 (N1) | 2007-2018 (N2a) | 1999-2018 (N2b) | 1957-2018 (N3) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mean value of EWRs | 11.2 | 17.9 | 15.7 | 12.6 |
EWRs Cv | 0.40 | 0.69 | 0.47 | 0.38 |
Max. value of EWRs | 18.1 | 42.2 | 35.0 | 22.8 |
Occurring month | September | June | August | August |
Min. value of EWRs | 3.7 | 8.4 | 8.3 | 5.6 |
Occurring month | December | January | January | December |
Table 9
Eigenvalue of EWRs at HTCS calculated by observed runoff in different periods
Calculation time period | 1957-1998 (O1) | 1999-2018 (O2) | 1957-2018 (O3) |
---|---|---|---|
Mean value of EWRs | 13.7 | 12.2 | 13.3 |
EWRs Cv | 0.54 | 0.68 | 0.48 |
Max. value of EWRs | 25.3 | 35.5 | 25.0 |
Occurring month | July | August | August |
Min. value of EWRs | 4.8 | 5.5 | 5.7 |
Occurring month | November | February | November |
[1] | Bovee K D, Lamb B L, Bartholow J M et al., 1998. Stream habitat analysis using the instream flow incremental methodology. U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division Information and Technology Report USGS/BRD. |
[2] | Chen J L, Zhong P A, Liu C et al., 2016. Research on runoff restoration method based on SWAT model: A case study in Dawenhe River Basin. Journal of China Hydrology, 36(6):28-34. (in Chinese) |
[3] | Cui B S, Zhao X, Yang Z F, 2005. Eco-hydrology-based calculation of the minimum ecological water requirement for lakes. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 25(7):1788-1795. (in Chinese) |
[4] | Cui Y, Zhang Q, Chen X H et al., 2010. Advance in the theories and calculation methods of ecological water requirement. Journal of Lake Sciences, 22(4):465-480. (in Chinese) |
[5] | Dai X Y, Xu Y P, Lin Z X et al., 2018. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 27(6):1279-1286. (in Chinese) |
[6] | Deng P X, Hu Q F, Wang Y T et al., 2014. Comparison of GR model, Xin'anjiang model, and WBM-DP model in rainfall-runoff simulation in Ganjiang River Basin. Journal of Hohai University (Natural Sciences), 42(5):382-387. (in Chinese) |
[7] | Deng P X, Wang Y T, Hu Q F et al., 2014. Application of GR4J in daily runoff simulation for Ganjiang River Basin. Journal of China Hydrology, 34(2):60-65. (in Chinese) |
[8] | Ding J, 1986. Statistical detection for transition point in flood time sequences. Engineering Journal of Wuhan University, (5):36-41. (in Chinese) |
[9] |
Gippel C J, Stewardson M J, 1998. Use of wetted perimeter in defining minimum environmental flows. Regulated Rivers:Research & Management, 14(1):53-67.
doi: 10.1002/(ISSN)1099-1646 |
[10] |
Gleick P H, 1998. Water in crisis: Paths to sustainable water use. Ecological Applications, 8(3):571-579
doi: 10.1890/1051-0761(1998)008[0571:WICPTS]2.0.CO;2 |
[11] |
Huang Y Y, Yu M H, Lu J et al., 2020. Suitable ecological water level of the East Lake Dongting after the Three Gorges Project operation. Journal of Lake Sciences, 32(2):417-427. (in Chinese)
doi: 10.18307/2020.0211 |
[12] |
Karim K, Gubbels M E, Goulter I C, 1995. Review of determination of instream flow requirements with special application to Australia. Water Resources Bulletin, 31(6):1063-1077.
doi: 10.1111/jawr.1995.31.issue-6 |
[13] | Kendall M G, 1975. Rank Correlation Methods. London: Charles Griffin. |
[14] | King J, Louw D, 1998. Instream flow assessments for regulated rivers in South Africa using the building block methodology. Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, 1(2):109-124. |
[15] | Lei H F, Xie P, Chen G C et al., 2007. Comparison and analysis on the performance of hydrological time series change-point testing methods. Water Resources and Power, 25(4):36-40. (in Chinese) |
[16] |
Li C W, Kang L, 2014. A new modified Tennant method with spatial-temporal variability. Water Resources Management, 28(14):4911-4926.
doi: 10.1007/s11269-014-0746-4 |
[17] | Li J F, Zhang Q, Chen N X H et al., 2011. Study of ecological instream flow in Yellow River, considering the hydrological change. Acta Geographica Sinica, 66(1):99-110. (in Chinese) |
[18] | Long F, Mei Y D, 2017. Using probability-weighted FDC method to calculate basic river ecological flow. Journal of China Hydrology, 37(4):1-5. (in Chinese) |
[19] | Ma X C, 2013. Research of eco-environmental water requirement in the middle and lower reaches of Wei River based on eco-hydrological characteristics[D]. Xi'an. Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University. (in Chinese) |
[20] | Mann H B, 1945. Non-parametric test against trend. Econometic, (13):245-259. |
[21] | Matthews R C, Bao Y, 1991. The Texas method of preliminary instream flow assessment. Rivers, 2(4):295-310. |
[22] | Pan Z R, Ruan X H, Xu J, 2012. Annual distribution calculation method for basic ecological water requirement of river course. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, (1):119-126. (in Chinese) |
[23] |
Perrinc M, Andrassian V, 2003. Improvement of a parsimonious model for streamflow simulation. Journal of Hydrology, 279(1):275-289.
doi: 10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00225-7 |
[24] |
Pettitt A N, 1979. A non-parametric approach to the change-point problem. Applied Statistics, 28(2):126-135.
doi: 10.2307/2346729 |
[25] |
Richter B D, Baumgartner J V, Braun D P, 1996. A method for assessing hydrological alteration within ecosystems. Conservation Biology, 10(4):1163-1174.
doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1996.10041163.x |
[26] | Richter B D, Baumgartner J V, Braun D P et al., 1998. A spatial assessment of hydrologic alteration within a river network. Regulated Rivers Research and Management, 14(4):329-340. |
[27] |
Richter B D, Baumgartner J V, Wigington R et al., 1997. How much water does a river need. Freshwater Biology, 37(1):231-249.
doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2427.1997.00153.x |
[28] | Shen C, 2015. Study on ecological and environmental flow for the fish reserve in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River[D]. Beijing: Tsinghua University. (in Chinese) |
[29] | Shi J J, Feng M Q, Huang Q et al., 2014. An approach to estimation of environmental flow process in Wenyu river under hydrological variation conditions. Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering, 33(4):28-34. (in Chinese) |
[30] |
Song J X, Xu Z X, Liu C M et al., 2007. Ecological and environmental instream flow requirements for the Wei River: The largest tributary of the Yellow River. Hydrological Processes, 21:1066-1073.
doi: 10.1002/(ISSN)1099-1085 |
[31] |
Tennant D L, 1976. Instream flow regimens for fish, wildlife, recreation and related environmental resources. Fisheries, 1(4):6-10.
doi: 10.1577/1548-8446(1976)001<0006:IFRFFW>2.0.CO;2 |
[32] |
Tharme R E, 2003. A global perspective on environmental flow assessment: Emerging trends in the development and application of environmental flow methodologies for rivers. River Research and Applications, 19:397-441.
doi: 10.1002/(ISSN)1535-1467 |
[33] |
Ubertini L, Manciola P, Casadei S, 1996. Evaluation of the minimum instream flow of the Tiber River Basin. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 41(2):125-136.
doi: 10.1007/BF00394339 pmid: 24193309 |
[34] | Wang D C, 2019. Runoff variation characteristics for Datong River and its influencing factors[D]. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University. (in Chinese) |
[35] | Wang Q, Xia R, Zou L et al., 2020. Calculation of ecological flow in Liaohe River under the hydrological alteration conditions. Research of Environmental Sciences, 19:397-441. (in Chinese) |
[36] | Wang X L, Hu B Q, Xia J, 2002. R/S analysis method of trend and aberrance point on hydrological time series. Engineering Journal of Wuhan University, 35(2):10-12. (in Chinese) |
[37] | Xiao C R, Hu Z Y, Chen C et al., 2016. Study on eco-flow in river channel of Dongjiang River Basin under consideration of hydrological variation. Resources and Hydropower Engineering, 47(10):62-66. (in Chinese) |
[38] | Xie P, Chen G C, Xia J, 2005. Hydrological frequency calculation principle of inconsistent annual runoff series under changing environments. Engineering Journal of Wuhan University, 38(6):6-9. (in Chinese) |
[39] | Xu B, 2013. Alteration and assessment with uncertainty study of regional surface water resources in the changing environment[D]. Wuhan: Wuhan University. (in Chinese) |
[40] |
Zhang C, Zhang B, Li W et al., 2012. Response of streamflow to climate change and human activity in Xitiaoxi river basin in China. Hydrological Processes, 28:43-50.
doi: 10.1002/hyp.v28.1 |
[41] | Zhang Z G, Jin Y, Li K F et al., 2017. RVA method-based study on river ecological baseflow hydrograph. Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, 48(9):155-160. (in Chinese) |
[42] | Zhao R H, Peng T, Wang H F et al., 2018. Study on instream basic ecological water demand based on the improved dynamic calculation method. South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science &Technology, 16(4):114-119. (in Chinese) |
[1] | XIA Jun, ZHANG Yongyong, MU Xingmin, ZUO Qiting, ZHOU Yujian, ZHAO Guangju. A review of the ecohydrology discipline: Progress, challenges, and future directions in China [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2021, 31(8): 1085-1101. |
[2] | HUANG Lin, NING Jia, ZHU Ping, ZHENG Yuhan, ZHAI Jun. The conservation patterns of grassland ecosystem in response to the forage-livestock balance in North China [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2021, 31(4): 518-534. |
[3] | LIU Wenchao, LIU Jiyuan, KUANG Wenhui. Spatio-temporal characteristics of soil protection efforts of the Grain for Green Project in northern Shaanxi Province [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2020, 30(3): 401-422. |
[4] | PEI Tao, SONG Ci, GUO Sihui, SHU Hua, LIU Yaxi, DU Yunyan, MA Ting, ZHOU Chenghu. Big geodata mining: Objective, connotations and research issues [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2020, 30(2): 251-266. |
[5] | GAO Jianbo, FANG Peng, YUAN Lihua. Analyses of geographical observations in the Heihe River Basin: Perspectives from complexity theory [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2019, 29(9): 1441-1461. |
[6] | Jie GONG, Yuchu XIE, Erjia CAO, Qiuyan Huang, Hongying LI. Integration of InVEST-habitat quality model with landscape pattern indexes to assess mountain plant biodiversity change: A case study of Bailongjiang watershed in Gansu Province [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2019, 29(7): 1193-1210. |
[7] | Li ZENG, Jing LI. A Bayesian belief network approach for mapping water conservation ecosystem service optimization region [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2019, 29(6): 1021-1038. |
[8] | Bag Rakhohori, Mondal Ismail, Bandyopadhyay Jatisankar. Assessing the oscillation of channel geometry and meander migration cardinality of Bhagirathi River, West Bengal, India [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2019, 29(4): 613-634. |
[9] | Yue DOU, Felipe Bicudo da SILVA Ramon, Hongbo YANG, Jianguo LIU. Spillover effect offsets the conservation effort in the Amazon [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2018, 28(11): 1715-1732. |
[10] | Lin HUANG, Yuhan ZHENG, Tong XIAO. Regional differentiation of ecological conservation and its zonal suitability at the county level in China [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2018, 28(1): 46-58. |
[11] | Yingjie LI, Liwei ZHANG, Junping YAN, Pengtao WANG, Ningke HU, Wei CHENG, Bojie FU. Mapping the hotspots and coldspots of ecosystem services in conservation priority setting [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2017, 27(6): 681-696. |
[12] | Quanqin SHAO, Wei CAO, Jiangwen FAN, Huang Lin, Xinliang XU. Effects of an ecological conservation and restoration project in the Three-River Source Region, China [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2017, 27(2): 183-204. |
[13] | Changqing SONG, Lihua YUAN, Xiaofan YANG, Bojie FU. Ecological-hydrological processes in arid environment: Past, present and future [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2017, 27(12): 1577-1594. |
[14] | Guirui YU, Wei REN, Zhi CHEN, Leiming ZHANG, Qiufeng WANG, Xuefa WEN, Nianpeng HE, Li ZHANG, Huajun FANG, Xianjin ZHU, Yang GAO, Xiaomin SUN. Construction and progress of Chinese terrestrial ecosystem carbon, nitrogen and water fluxes coordinated observation [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2016, 26(7): 803-826. |
[15] | Qingwen MIN, Yongxun ZHANG, Wenjun *JIAO, Xueping SUN. Responding to common questions on the conservation of agricultural heritage systems in China [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2016, 26(7): 969-982. |
|