Figure 1

Location and attributes of the Upper Minjiang River

Figure 2

Framework of this study

Table 1

Formulas and description of the selected assessment criteria

Table 2

Definition of IHA parameters and abbreviations used in the text (modified from Richter et al., 1996)

Figure 3

Annual streamflow (a) and Mann-Kendall mutation diagnosis (b) at the ZPP station during 1938-2012. UF and UB in (b) are statistics calculated by sequential and inverse streamflow records, respectively

Table 3

Model performance for daily discharge simulations at the ZPP station. Detailed description of these criteria can be found in Table 1

Figure 4

Observation and simulation of streamflow at the ZPP station during the calibration period (1961-1965) and verification period (1966-1969). (NSE: Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency; PCC: Pearson correlation coefficient)

Figure 5

Relative changes (a) and relative contributions (b) for all IHA parameters induced by climate change versus those induced by human activities. The vertical dashed line indicates five groups.

Figure 6

Joint distribution of the change rate for each group of IHA parameters induced by climate change $(\Delta {{I}_{c}})$ versus those induced by human activities $(\Delta {{I}_{h}}).$ The horizontal axis in the figure represents the change rate of IHA parameters caused by climate, and the vertical axis represents the change rate of IHA parameters caused by human.

Table 4

IHA results, relative change and contributions calculated at the ZPP station. Bolded numbers indicate significant differences in the IHA indicators between two periods according to M-W U test at a significance level of 0.05. Mean (+) and mean (-) are the average values of increased and decreased parameters, respectively.

Figure 7

Comparison of different climatic variables and discharge (a) and Pearson correlation coefficient between different IHA parameters (b). In (a), $\overline{{{P}_{bp}}}$ and $\overline{{{P}_{ap}}}$ are the mean precipitation in the baseline and altered periods, respectively; $\overline{{{T}_{bp}}}$ and $\overline{{{T}_{ap}}}$ are the mean temperature in the baseline and altered periods, respectively; $\overline{E{{T}_{bp}}}$ and $\overline{E{{T}_{ap}}} $are the mean evapotranspiration in the baseline and altered periods, respectively; and $\overline{{{Q}_{bp}}}$ and $\overline{{{Q}_{ap}}}$ are the mean discharge in the baseline and altered periods, respectively.