Journal of Geographical Sciences ›› 2021, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (5): 664-680.doi: 10.1007/s11442-021-1864-6
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SONG Tao1,2(), SUN Man1,2, LIANG Yutian3,4,*(
), Soavapa NGAMPRAMUAN5, WUZHATI Yeerken1,2, ZHOU Keyang3
Received:
2020-11-03
Accepted:
2021-03-17
Online:
2021-05-25
Published:
2021-07-25
Contact:
LIANG Yutian
E-mail:songtao@igsnrr.ac.cn;lytian@mail.sysu.edu.cn
About author:
Song Tao (1983-), PhD and Associate Professor, specialized in regional sustainable development and globalization. E-mail: songtao@igsnrr.ac.cn
Supported by:
SONG Tao, SUN Man, LIANG Yutian, Soavapa NGAMPRAMUAN, WUZHATI Yeerken, ZHOU Keyang. Variegated transnational partnerships: Multi-scalar actor networks in China’s overseas industrial parks[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2021, 31(5): 664-680.
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Table 1
A comparison of the three transnational partnerships of Chinese overseas SEZs"
Model | Example | Features | Functions of multi-scalar actors |
---|---|---|---|
Hierarchical partnership | China-Belarus Great Stone Industrial Park, etc. | Government-to-government joint SEZs | Led bilaterally by national state governments; implementation of national partnership policies |
Spontaneous partnership | Integrated development zone of Saiseta, Vientiane, Laos, etc. | Led by spontaneous cooperative efforts of private or public actors | Searching for preferred outcomes; attract FDI; revenue generation |
Hybrid partnership | Thai-Chinese Rayong Industrial Zone;China-Indonesia Economic and Trade Cooperation Zone, etc. | Spontaneous efforts plus support arrangements by national and regional governments | Led by private sector actors; national and local efforts on bilateral basis |
Table 2
Strategic cooperative partnerships in the Thai-Chinese Rayong Industrial Zone (Song et al., 2020)"
Thailand | China | |
---|---|---|
State level | The Board of Investment | China's Ministry of Commerce |
Provincial level | Rayong | Zhejiang Province |
Company level | Amata Company | Holley Group |
Co-partnership company (Thai-Chinese Rayong Industrial Zone Development Company Limited) | 30% of the shares | 70% of the shares |
Division of work | The Thai side is mainly responsible for infrastructure construction including water supply, power supply, roads, and workshops; supply of land and permanent ownership; recruitment of Thai staff. | Enterprise selection and format control; provision of one-stop services for Chinese enterprises, including company registration, tax, account opening and application for BOI qualification certificate; consulting services on target markets, industrial policies, laws and regulations, preferential policies, tax finance, labor recruitment. |
Table 3
Economic profiles of two case studies"
Case studies | TCRIZ | KITIC |
---|---|---|
Land covering | 12 km2 | 4.9 km2 |
Economic and employment performances | Investment amounts: more than 3.9 billion USD; employment: 34 thousand in 2020 | Investment amounts: more than 1.2 billion USD; employment: 4 thousand in 2020 |
Approved enterprises with foreign investment in this zone (by 2020) | More than 150 Chinese enterprises | 55 enterprises, of which 50% Chinese enterprises |
Leading industries | Building materials, motorcycle assembly, auto parts manufacturing, automobile assembly, warehousing and logistics, etc. | Agricultural products processing, food processing, machinery manufacturing, transformer, automobile assembly, warehousing and logistics, etc. |
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