Figure 1

Topography of China and spatial distribution of meteorological stations in the dateset-1"

Table 1

Moran's Index of residuals returned by the MWR and the GWR model, respectively"

Figure 2

Residual (a) and standard error of β1 (b) at each fit station for the anmual mean series"

Figure 3

Cumulative percentage of stations with different levels of standard error of βi1 (left axis) and RSS (right axis) for the monthly mean series (The black line showed the monthly variation of RSS. The color bar for the standard error of βi1 was the same as that in Figure 2b.)"

Figure 4

Boxplot of the differences between the predicted and the observed monthly temperatures in the 10,924 automatic stations (The differences above-mentioned were the values subtracted the observed values from the predicted values. The low and the high edge of the boxes represented the position of the lower quartile of the 25th percentile and the upper quartile of the 75th percentile, respectively. The white lines across the boxes represented the medians. The whiskers extending from the boxes represented the 2.5th percentile and the 97.5th percentile, and the red “+” represented the outliers.)"

Table 2

MAE in the assessment stage and the validation stage for each month"

Figure 5

Spatial distribution of seasonal mean SATLR estimated with GWR model (The blank areas in the study area representing the SATLRs were invalid as described in Sections 2.2 and 2.4.)"

Appendix Figure 1

AICc varied with the increase of nearest neighbor stations Notes: The number of nearest neighbor stations was 17 for the year, and 17, 14, 13, 17, 17, 17, 19, 19, 19, 19, 17 and 17 for the 12 months from January to December, respectively. The x-value of the vertical dashed line was 17. The x-value of the gray band off the vertical dashed line ranged from 13 to 19."

Appendix Figure 2

Standard deviations of βi1 when n varied from 13 to 19 Notes: The x-value of a black dot represented the average local R2 when n varied from 13 to 19 at the fit station. The blue vertical line represented the critical value of local R2=0.7, and the red horizontal lines represented the standard deviation of βi1 equal to 1°C/km. The meanings of the parameters above-mentioned were described in Section 2."