Journal of Geographical Sciences ›› 2020, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (5): 823-842.doi: 10.1007/s11442-020-1757-0
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SUN Zhaohua1, FAN Jiewei1, YAN Xin1, XIE Cuisong2
Received:
2019-12-02
Accepted:
2020-01-22
Online:
2020-05-25
Published:
2020-07-25
About author:
Sun Zhaohua (1976–), Associate Professor, E-mail: zhsun@whu.edu.cn
Supported by:
SUN Zhaohua, FAN Jiewei, YAN Xin, XIE Cuisong. Analysis of critical river discharge for saltwater intrusion control in the upper South Branch of the Yangtze River Estuary[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2020, 30(5): 823-842.
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Table 1
Data sources"
Data type | Station | Period | Source |
---|---|---|---|
Daily discharge | Datong | 1950-2017 | Yangtze River Hydrographic Yearbook |
Daily mean tidal range | Xuliujing | 2009, 2011-2014 | Yangtze River Hydrographic Yearbook |
Daily mean tidal range | Qinglonggang | Certain months in 2005, 2009, 2011, 2014 and 2017 | Jiangsu Provincial Hydrology and Water Resources Bureau, |
Daily mean chlorinity | Dongfengxisha | 2009-2014 | Shanghai Water Affairs Bureau |
Table 2
Selected empirical models for salinity prediction in the upper South Branch of the Yangtze River Estuary"
Source | Relationship | Variable explanation |
---|---|---|
S~exp(ΔHα/Qβ) | S is the salinity of Baogang; ?H is the tidal range of Qinglonggang; Q is the discharge at Datong station. | |
S=aebΔH+ aebΔH(c1Q3+ c2Q2+c3Q+c4) | S is the salinity of Qinglonggang station; ?H is the tidal range of Qinglonggang station; Q is the discharge at Datong station. | |
S=(4.16×10?9Q2?2.745Q+4.317)×0.02404×e0.009085ΔH | S is the salinity of Chenhang; ?H is the tidal range of Qinglonggang station; Q is the discharge at Datong station. | |
C=Aexp(aΔH0?bQ) | ΔH0 is the tidal range of Xuliujing station; Q is the discharge at Datong station; C is the chlorinity of Dongfengxisha. |
Table 3
Frequency of daily discharge at Datong station in different periods"
Measured time | Cumulative frequency of less than a certain value of discharge (%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
< 25000 m3/s | < 15000 m3/s | < 12000 m3/s | < 10000 m3/s | |
1950-2002 | 45.71 | 25.71 | 16.9 | 10.06 |
2003-2007 | 55.83 | 24.85 | 14.29 | 2.74 |
2008-2017 | 50.33 | 21.59 | 7.73 | 0.1 |
Figure 6
Characteristics of river discharge at Datong station in dry seasons of three different periods: (a) multi-year average monthly discharge; (b) the maximum and the minimum discharge in every month (Total height represents the maximum value of each month. Colored fill portion represents the minimum value of each month. Red represents the period of 1950-2002, brown represents the period of 2003-2007, blue represents the period of 2008-2017)"
Table 4
Statistical features of certain saltwater intrusion events in the upper South Branch of the Yangtze River Estuary in recent decades"
Measured time | Observation point | Salinity excessive days (d) | Average discharge at Datong station during the salinity excessive periods (m3/s) | Data source |
---|---|---|---|---|
Winter of 1978-Spring of 1979 | Wusong | 64 | 7256 | |
February-March 1987 | Chenhang | 13 | 8467 | |
February-March 1999 | 25 | 9487 | Shen et al.(2002), Gu et al.(2003) | |
February 2004 | 9.8 | 9479 | He et al.(2006) | |
October 2006 | 9 | 14,300 | ||
February 2014 | 19 | 10,900 | ||
November 3-12, 2009 | Dongfengxisha | 10 | 14,030 | Shanghai Water Affairs Bureau |
November 15-24, 2013 | 10 | 12,240 | ||
December 3-11, 2013 | 9 | 12,500 | ||
December 17-25, 2013 | 9 | 11,365 | ||
January 2-10, 2014 | 9 | 12,144 | ||
January 30-February 22, 2014 | 24 | 11,138 |
Figure 7
Characteristics of saltwater intrusion under different river discharges: (a) relationship between daily discharge at Datong station and daily chlorinity at the Dongfengxisha observation point, (b) probability of chlorinity exceeding the drinking water standard in each discharge interval, and (c) the discharge at Datong station vs the cumulative probability of excessive chlorinity"
Table 5
Corresponding tidal ranges of Xuliujing station (?Hc) and discharges of Datong station (Qc) to maintain the drinking water standard"
Chlorinity of Dongfengxisha observation point (mg/L) | Discharge at Datong station Qc (m3/s) | Daily tidal range of Xuliujing station ?Hc (m) |
---|---|---|
250 | 11,000 | 2.05 |
250 | 12,000 | 2.24 |
250 | 13,000 | 2.42 |
250 | 15,000 | 2.61 |
Table 6
Determination coefficient between measured and calculated salinity using different tidal range estimation modes and different empirical salinity prediction models"
Empirical salinity prediction model | Tidal range estimation mode | Determination coefficient R2 | Tidal range estimation mode | Determination coefficient R2 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mao et al. (1993) | Qinglonggang station, curve B | 0.45 | Qinglonggang station, curve C | 0.51 |
Zheng et al. (2014) | Qinglonggang station, curve B | 0.85 | Qinglonggang station, curve C | 0.88 |
Qinglonggang station, curve B | 0.7 | Qinglonggang station, curve C | 0.74 | |
Sun et al. (2017) | Xuliujing station, curve B | 0.8 | Xuliujing station, curve C | 0.81 |
Table 7
Critical discharges calculated using different empirical models"
Empirical model | Location of chlorinity prediction | Tidal range estimation mode | Calculated critical discharge (m3/s) |
---|---|---|---|
Baogang | Curve C | 12,000 | |
Chenhang | Curve C | 11,000 | |
Dongfengxisha | Curve C | 11,500 |
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