Journal of Geographical Sciences ›› 2020, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (3): 487-507.doi: 10.1007/s11442-020-1739-2
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ZHANG Chengming1,3, WENG Shixiu1,3, BAO Jigang2,3,*()
Received:
2019-08-10
Accepted:
2019-09-30
Online:
2020-03-25
Published:
2020-05-25
Contact:
BAO Jigang
E-mail:eesbjg@mail.sysu.edu.cn
About author:
Zhang Chengming (1989–), PhD Candidate, specialized in elite landscape and tourism destination evolution. E-mail: zhangchm@qq.com; zhangchm5@mail2.sysu.edu.cn
Supported by:
ZHANG Chengming, WENG Shixiu, BAO Jigang. The changes in the geographical patterns of China’s tourism in 1978-2018: Characteristics and underlying factors[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2020, 30(3): 487-507.
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Table 1
Correlation analysis of factors influencing tourism at national scale in China"
Factors | Variables | Domestic tourists | Inbound tourists |
---|---|---|---|
Economic level | GDP | 0.996** | 0.809** |
Consumption level | Per capita GDP | 0.995** | 0.815** |
Total retail sales of social commodities | 0.998** | 0.769** | |
Industrial development | Third industry proportion | 0.922** | 0.880** |
Third industry output value | 0.998** | 0.775** | |
Investment status | Investment in fixed assets | 0.996** | 0.738** |
Traffic conditions | Railway mileage | 0.991** | 0.810** |
Road mileage | 0.909** | 0.928** | |
Civil aviation domestic routes | 0.985** | 0.752** | |
Civil aviation international routes | 0.967* | 0.783** | |
Civilian passenger vehicle | 0.994** | 0.722** | |
Accommodation services | Number of rooms in star hotels | 0.754** | 0.984** |
Intermediary services | Travel agency scale | 0.918** | 0.959** |
Degree of openness | Use of foreign capital | 0.515** | 0.817** |
Import and export volume | 0.938** | 0.903** |
Table 2
Correlation analysis of factors influencing tourism at provincial-scale in China"
Factors | Variables | Domestic tourists | Inbound tourists |
---|---|---|---|
Tourist attractions | Scenic spots | 0.621** | 0.573** |
High-grade scenic spots | 0.721** | 0.201 | |
Economic level | Provincial GDP | 0.693** | 0.594** |
Consumption level | Per capita GDP | 0.080 | 0.232 |
Industrial development | Tertiary industry income | 0.627** | 0.637** |
Investment status | Investment in fixed assets | 0.832** | 0.263 |
Accommodation services | Number of accommodations | 0.650** | 0.730** |
Number of restaurants | 0.676** | 0.635** | |
Intermediary services | Total number of travel agents | 0.637** | 0.461** |
Traffic conditions | Number of private cars | 0.707** | 0.507** |
Railway passenger volume | 0.650** | 0.645** | |
Highway passenger volume | 0.638** | 0.321 | |
Civil aviation passenger volume | 0.136 | 0.808** | |
Degree of openness | Use of foreign capital | 0.516** | 0.529** |
Import and export volume | 0.279 | 0.871** |
Table 3
Top 5 provinces of IT, TFE, DT and DTI in 2017 in China"
Province | IT/million | Province | TFE/$billion | Province | DT/million | Province | DTI/¥billion |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Guangdong | 36.48 | Guangdong | 19.65 | Shandong | 763.74 | Jiangsu | 1130.75 |
Shanghai | 8.73 | Zhejiang | 8.28 | Jiangsu | 742.87 | Guangdong | 1066.70 |
Fujian | 6.92 | Fujian | 7.59 | Guizhou | 740.00 | Sichuan | 882.54 |
Yunnan | 6.68 | Shanghai | 6.81 | Sichuan | 670.00 | Zhejiang | 871.72 |
Zhejiang | 5.89 | Beijing | 5.12 | Henan | 662.04 | Shandong | 842.07 |
Table 4
Top 5 provinces of growth ratio of IT, TFE, DT and DTI from 2008 to 2017 in China"
Inbound tourists | Tourism foreign exchange | Domestic tourists | Domestic tourism income | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Province | Growth ratio | Province | Growth ratio | Province | Growth ratio | Province | Growth ratio |
Tianjin | 600% | Ningxia | 1396% | Xizang | 1060% | Xizang | 1697% |
Tibet | 405% | Xinjiang | 676% | Gansu | 863% | Jiangxi | 1088% |
Sichuan | 381% | Sichuan | 574% | Guizhou | 808% | Gansu | 1057% |
Hunan | 354% | Xizang | 536% | Jiangxi | 614% | Hebei | 1037% |
Ningxia | 353% | Anhui | 431% | Anhui | 530% | Yunnan | 1024% |
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