Journal of Geographical Sciences ›› 2019, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (11): 1841-1858.doi: 10.1007/s11442-019-1992-0
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LIU Qionghuan1,2, ZHANG Yili1,2,3,*(), LIU Linshan1, LI Lanhui1,2, QI Wei1
Received:
2018-05-27
Accepted:
2019-02-12
Online:
2019-11-25
Published:
2019-12-05
Contact:
Yili ZHANG
E-mail:zhangyl@igsnrr.ac.cn
About author:
Liu Qionghuan, PhD Candidate, E-mail: liuqionghuan@yeah.net
Supported by:
LIU Qionghuan, ZHANG Yili, LIU Linshan, LI Lanhui, QI Wei. The spatial local accuracy of land cover datasets over the Qiangtang Plateau, High Asia[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2019, 29(11): 1841-1858.
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Table 1
Class description of field sample points over the Qiangtang Plateau*"
LC type | Number of sample points | Definition | LC type | Number of sample points | Definition |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Grassland | 219 | Region mainly covered with a community of cold-tolerant perennial herbaceous plants. In this region, this LC type mainly comprises meadows covered with Kobresia littledalei and K. pygmaea, a plant coverage area dominated by taxa with some cold tolerance, especially xerophytic perennial herbaceous species. | Wetland | 80 | Broad areas covered with herbs or woody plants, usually transitional zones between land and water. |
Sparse vegetation | 53 | Plants comprise continuous vegetation that extends up to the permanent snow line, as well as a zone encompassing coverage between 5% and 40% of total surface that consists of cold-adapted plants such as cold habitat perennial axis-shaft root grasses, cushion plants, and lichens. One area, for example, contains cushion plants such as Arenaria serpyllifolia and Androsace tapete. | Urban area | 26 | Land covered with buildings. |
Desert | 45 | Desert areas are widely distributed in this region and are characterized by the presence of semi-shrubs and their dwarf counterparts (e.g., Ceratocarpus latens, Ajania pallasiana) as well as C. compacta. | Barren land | 142 | Barren land, sand, rock, and saline areas with vegetation coverage less than, or equal to, 10%. |
Water bodies | 152 | Long-strip depressions that naturally form along the ground surface as well as land below the perennial water level developed under natural conditions. | Glacier and snow | 110 | Land that is perennially covered with snow or ice. |
Total | 923 |
Table 2
LC dataset characteristics"
Dataset | OA (%) | Verification method | Sensor | Classification method | Resolution | Time | Classification system (Number of types) | URL for download | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GLC2000 | 68.6 | Confidence value statistical sampling | SPOT4 VEGETATION | Unsupervised classification | 1 km | 1999-2000 | FAO LCCS (23 classes) | http://bioval.jrc.ec.europa.eu/products/glc2000/ products.php | Bartholom et al., 2005 |
IGBPDIS | 66.9 | Statistical sampling by validation working group | AVHRR | Unsupervised classification | 1 km | 1992-1993 | USGS IGBP (17 classes) | http://edc2.usgs.gov/glcc/tabgoode_globe.php | Loveland et al., 2000 |
UMD | 65.0 | Evaluated using other digital datasets | AVHRR | Unsupervised classification, decision tree classification | 1 km | 1992-1993 | Simplified IGBP (14 classes) | http://www.landcover.org/data/landcover/index.shtml | Hansen et al., 2000 |
MCD12Q1 | 74.8 | Cross-validation | MODIS | Supervised classification, decision tree classification, neural network | 500 m | 2001-2016 | IGBP (17 classes) | http://e4ftl01.cr.usgs.gov/MOTA/MCD12Q1.006/ | Friedl et al., 2010,2011 |
GlobCover | 67.5 | Statistical sampling expert’s judgement | MERIS FR | Supervised classification, un- supervised classification | 300 m | 2009 | UN LCCS (22 classes) | http://due.esrin.esa.int/globcover/ | Bontemps et al., 2011 |
CCI-LC | 74.1 | Sampling-based labeling approach | MERIS Full and Reduced Resolution/ SPOT | Unsupervised classification | 300 m | 1992-2015 | UN LCCS (22 classes) | http://maps.elie.ucl.ac.be/CCI/viewer/index.php | Belgium et al., 2016 |
GlobeLand30 | 80.0 | Knowledge-based interactive verification | Landsat TM, ETM7, HJ-1A/b/ | Integration of pixel- and object-based methods with knowledge (pok-based) | 30 m | 2000, 2010 | 11 classes | http://www.globallandcover.com | Chen et al., 2015 |
Table 3
OA values and kappa coefficients for the seven LC datasets over the Qiangtang Plateau"
Datasets | Mean OA | Max OA | Min OA | Mean kappa | Max kappa | Min kappa |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GLC2000 | 34.55% | 66.12% | 12.27% | 0.11 | 0.32 | 0.00 |
IGBPDIS | 31.42% | 50.76% | 9.07% | 0.04 | 0.26 | 0.00 |
UMD | 26.47% | 47.07% | 6.53% | 0.04 | 0.18 | 0.00 |
MCD12Q1 | 28.12% | 59.76% | 3.69% | 0.05 | 0.37 | 0.00 |
GlobCover | 27.62% | 74.11% | 3.52% | 0.08 | 0.40 | 0.00 |
CCI-LC | 34.92% | 61.43% | 2.9% | 0.15 | 0.45 | 0.00 |
GlobeLand30 | 42.08% | 77.39% | 9.83% | 0.21 | 0.61 | 0.00 |
Summary | 32.17% | 52.05% | 12.82% | 0.10 | 0.31 | 0.00 |
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