Journal of Geographical Sciences ›› 2019, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (12): 2101-2121.doi: 10.1007/s11442-019-1707-x
• Research Articles • Previous Articles Next Articles
FENG Yingying1, YANG Xiaoping2()
Received:
2019-01-26
Accepted:
2019-09-09
Online:
2019-12-25
Published:
2019-12-06
Contact:
YANG Xiaoping
E-mail:xpyang@zju.edu.cn
About author:
Feng Yingying (1994–), specialized in palaeoclimatic simulations.
Supported by:
FENG Yingying, YANG Xiaoping. Moisture sources of the Alashan Sand Seas in western Inner Mongolia, China during the Last Glacial Maximum and mid-Holocene: Interpretation from modern analogues, paleoclimatic simulations and geological records[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2019, 29(12): 2101-2121.
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Table 2
Basic information of the five climate models within PMIP3 used for the LGM and mid-Holocene experiments in this study"
Model | Model type | Atmospheric resolution | Length of run analyzed (year) |
---|---|---|---|
CCSM4 | AOGCM | 1.25° ′ ~0.9°, L26 | 301 |
FGOALS-g2 | AOVGCM | ~2.8° ′ 3-6°, L26 | 100 |
CNRM-CM5 | AOGCM | ~1.4° ′ 1.4°, L31 | 200 |
MPI-ESM-P | AOGCM | 1.875° ′ ~1.9°, L47 | 100 |
MRI-CGCM3 | AOGCM | 1.125° ′ ~1.1°, L48 | 100 |
Table 3
Boundary conditions of orbital parameters and trace gas concentrations in the climate simulations for the LGM and mid-Holocene"
Eccentricity | Obliquity (°) | Precession (ω-180°) | CO2 (ppm) | CH4 (ppb) | N2O (ppb) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LGM | 0.018994 | 22.949 | 114.42 | 185 | 350 | 200 |
Mid-Holocene | 0.018682 | 24.105 | 0.87 | 280 | 650 | 270 |
Table 4
List of proxy record sites from the ALSS in the late Pleistocene"
SiteNo. | Site name | Lat. (°N) | Lon. (°E) | Proxy type | Dating method | Number of dates | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Jilantai | 39.74 | 105.70 | Pollen, grain size | OSL | 4 | |
2 | Tengger | 39.15 | 104.16 | Lacustrine terraces | 14C | 14 | |
3 | Southeastern margin of Tengger | 37.34 | 105.23 | Grain size, Carbonate content. Elemental composition | OSL | 4 | |
4 | Southeast of Badain Jaran | - | - | Aeolian deposits | OSL | 26 |
Table 5
List of proxy record sites from the ALSS in the Holocene"
SiteNo. | Site name | Lat. (°N) | Lon. (°E) | Proxy type | Dating method | Number of dates | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Badain Jaran | - | - | Lacustrine deposits, Aeolian deposits | 14C,TL | 5 | |
2 | Badain Jaran | - | - | Shorelines | 14C | 9 | |
3 | Badain Jaran | - | - | Lacustrine deposits, Aeolian deposits, Calcareous cementation layers, cemented plant roots | 14C,TL | 7 | |
4 | Huahai | 40.43 | 98.07 | Grain size, C/N, Carbonate, TOC | 14C | 17 | |
5 | Tengger | 39.15 | 104.16 | Lacustrine terraces | 14C | 14 | |
6 | Zhuyeze | 37.05 | 104.67 | Grain size, pollen, TOC, T/N | 14C | 13 | |
7 | Baijian Hu | - | - | Shorelines | OSL | 25 | |
8 | Qingtu Hu | 39.05 | 103.67 | Grain size, carbonate, TOC, C/N, δ13C | 14C,OSL | 16 | |
9 | Qingtu Hu | 39.07 | 103.61 | Pollen | 14C | 5 | |
10 | Ulan Buh | 39.77 39.86 | 105.76 106.39 | GPR reflecting, Grain size | OSL | 6 | |
11 | Ulan Buh | - | - | Grain size, Loss on ignition, Pollen analysis | OSL | 14 | |
12 | Ulan Buh | - | - | Grain size, elevation | OSL | 19 | |
13 | Alashan Sand Sea | - | - | Calcareous root tubes | 14C | 34 | ( |
Table 6
Details of 47 precipitation events during the period 1959-2015 that affected more than two meteorological stations in the ALSS region with maximum daily precipitation exceeding 10 mm."
No | Start date | Duration (days) | Number of station | Precipitation (min) | Precipitation (max) | Moisture source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1958-08-01 | 1 | 2 | 11.4 | 25.7 | Westerlies |
2 | 1958-08-07 | 1 | 2 | 33.2 | 41.3 | Westerlies |
3 | 1960-07-19 | 3 | 2 | 14.5 | 17 | Westerlies |
4 | 1961-07-31 | 2 | 2 | 12 | 40.4 | Westerlies |
5 | 1961-08-06 | 2 | 2 | 26.6 | 36.5 | Westerlies |
6 | 1963-07-20 | 2 | 2 | 14.6 | 29.9 | Westerlies |
7 | 1969-06-15 | 2 | 2 | 11 | 14 | Westerlies |
8 | 1969-08-09 | 1 | 2 | 13.5 | 14.2 | Westerlies |
9 | 1970-08-01 | 1 | 2 | 14 | 18 | Westerlies |
10 | 1970-08-17 | 2 | 2 | 24.2 | 33.1 | Monsoon |
11 | 1973-08-10 | 4 | 3 | 11.9 | 32.9 | Monsoon |
12 | 1973-08-15 | 2 | 2 | 10.2 | 36.6 | Westerlies |
13 | 1974-07-28 | 3 | 4 | 10.6 | 42.1 | Monsoon |
14 | 1977-07-28 | 1 | 3 | 11.6 | 44 | Westerlies |
15 | 1977-08-19 | 2 | 3 | 10.2 | 34.2 | Westerlies |
16 | 1978-07-27 | 3 | 4 | 10.9 | 20.3 | Westerlies |
17 | 1979-07-01 | 2 | 2 | 10.9 | 15 | Westerlies |
18 | 1979-07-18 | 4 | 3 | 13 | 32.4 | Monsoon |
19 | 1979-08-06 | 2 | 2 | 26.5 | 27.9 | Monsoon |
20 | 1980-08-01 | 2 | 2 | 10.3 | 13.5 | Monsoon |
21 | 1981-07-02 | 1 | 3 | 14.6 | 23.8 | Westerlies |
22 | 1983-08-13 | 1 | 2 | 20.1 | 20.9 | Monsoon |
23 | 1984-06-13 | 1 | 2 | 13.8 | 19.3 | Westerlies |
24 | 1993-07-20 | 2 | 2 | 28.4 | 31.2 | Westerlies |
25 | 1993-08-10 | 1 | 2 | 13.4 | 17.7 | Westerlies |
26 | 1993-08-29 | 1 | 2 | 14.2 | 21 | Westerlies |
27 | 1994-07-07 | 1 | 2 | 20.2 | 28.7 | Westerlies |
28 | 1994-08-12 | 1 | 3 | 14 | 18 | Westerlies |
29 | 1995-08-10 | 1 | 2 | 10.4 | 14.8 | Westerlies |
30 | 1995-08-15 | 2 | 2 | 18 | 24.1 | Westerlies |
31 | 1996-07-27 | 3 | 3 | 13.1 | 24 | Westerlies |
32 | 1997-07-30 | 1 | 2 | 12.4 | 17.6 | Monsoon |
33 | 1998-06-11 | 1 | 3 | 10.3 | 44 | Monsoon |
34 | 1999-07-06 | 1 | 2 | 11.1 | 20.5 | Westerlies |
35 | 2000-08-07 | 1 | 2 | 11.9 | 19.1 | Westerlies |
36 | 2002-06-07 | 2 | 3 | 18.9 | 31.2 | Monsoon |
37 | 2002-06-21 | 1 | 2 | 21.3 | 23 | Westerlies |
38 | 2003-06-25 | 1 | 3 | 14.1 | 24.8 | Westerlies |
39 | 2003-08-29 | 1 | 2 | 11.4 | 14.3 | Westerlies |
Table 6
Details of 47 precipitation events during the period 1959-2015 that affected more than two meteorological stations in the ALSS region with maximum daily precipitation exceeding 10 mm. (Continued 1)"
No | Start date | Duration (days) | Number of station | Precipitation (min) | Precipitation (max) | Moisture source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
40 | 2006-08-17 | 2 | 2 | 13.5 | 26 | Monsoon |
41 | 2008-07-28 | 2 | 3 | 12.1 | 33.2 | Monsoon |
42 | 2009-08-18 | 1 | 3 | 13.3 | 26.5 | Westerlies |
43 | 2012-06-27 | 1 | 2 | 16.5 | 34.6 | Westerlies |
44 | 2012-07-29 | 2 | 2 | 14.5 | 33.1 | Monsoon |
45 | 2016-06-02 | 1 | 2 | 12.2 | 18.3 | Westerlies |
46 | 2016-07-10 | 1 | 2 | 13 | 16.3 | Westerlies |
47 | 2016-08-13 | 1 | 2 | 14.5 | 22.6 | Monsoon |
Figure 2
Backward water vapor trajectories before rainfall in the ALSS (a1, a2) and the atmospheric circulation (500 hPa geopotential height (gpm) and water vapor flux (g/(m*s)) at 700 hPa) (b1, b2) of two typical rainfall events. a1, b1: Rainfall event on June 15, 1969, where the westerlies transported the moisture for precipitation in ALSS. a2, b2: Rainfall event on July 30, 1974, where the summer monsoon transported the moisture. The blank rectangle refers to the ALSS region, the yellow dashed line is the westerly trough, and the green dashed line circles the trough region between the Arabian Peninsula High and the West Pacific Subtropical High."
Figure 12
Holocene moisture evolution of the ALSS region in previous studies and our calculated moisture index. -2, -1, 0, +1, and +2 represent the calculated moisture index. -2 indicates the most arid intervals for each site; -1 indicates an arid environment; 0 indicates a climate condition of intermediate stage; 1 indicates a humid environment; and 2 indicates the most humid environment. The locations of sediment sites marked by the numbers 1-13 in this figure are given in Table 5."
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