Lakes of the Jom-Bolok Volcanoes Valley in the East Sayan Mts., Baikal region: Morphogenesis and potential for regional paleoenvironmental studies

doi:10.1007/s11442-019-1681-3

Abstract

Abstract:

This article describes the lake basins of the Jom-Bolok volcanic region in the East Sayan (the largest manifestation of the Holocene eruptions in Central Asia). The geomorphological position, origins, aspects of the structure and development are reviewed considering its sedimentary filling. The limnic morphogenesis here develops under the conditions of contrasting relief, high energy of neotectonic and exogenous processes. We established that Lake Khara-Nur, formed as a result of lava-damming of the Jom-Bolok river valley, emerged in its present form approximately 6500 years ago. A complex record on the environment and climatic changes, acquired from its sediments, made it possible to determine for the first time in this region the long-term trends in the development of the Middle and Late Holocene mountain geosystems and also the distinction of several paleogeographic stages of the formation of the natural environment. An average geochemical record resolution for the bottom sediments of the lake was made uniquely for the East Siberian lake records and is equal to 35 years, while the palynological record approximates 110 years.

Key words: lake morphogenesis, Holocene volcanism, lava-dammed lakes, environmental change

Alexander SHCHETNIKOV, Elena V. BEZRUKOVA. Lakes of the Jom-Bolok Volcanoes Valley in the East Sayan Mts., Baikal region: Morphogenesis and potential for regional paleoenvironmental studies[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2019, 29(11): 1823-1840.

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Lake	Sample depth (cm)	Dated material	¹⁴C age (yr BP; 68% range)	Cal. age (yr BP; 68% range)	Laboratory number	Mean sedimentation rates (mm/yr)
Khara-Nur	25	Grey-brownish soft silt	2830 ± 35	2941 ± 47	Poz-76467	0.08
Khara-Nur	48	Brown compact silt	3715 ± 35	4066 ± 60	Poz-76466	0.2
Khara-Nur	73	Light-gray-brownish silt	4970 ± 35	5698 ± 38	Poz-76465	0.15
Khara-Nur	93	Brown compact silt	5470 ± 40	6264 ± 37	Poz-76603	0.35
Khara-Nur	127	Peat-peaty soil	6035 ± 35	6881 ± 53	Poz-58391	0.6
Tukhuren-Nur	98	Blue clay	11350±120	13209±113	Poz-58387	0.07
Borik-Nur	86	Gray-brownish clay	4070±30	4577 ± 93	Poz-58388	0.19
Khikhushka	87	Grey-brownish silt	8320 ± 50	9333 ± 79	Poz-58421	0.09
Nomto-Nur	127	Grey-brownish silt	2650 ± 30	2769 ± 22	Poz-58389	0.46
Shas-Nur	192	Grey-brownish silt	5245 ± 35	6019 ± 72	Poz-58389	0.32