Journal of Geographical Sciences ›› 2019, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (9): 1548-1564.doi: 10.1007/s11442-019-1676-0
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YUAN Lihua1, CHEN Xiaoqiang1, WANG Xiangyu1, XIONG Zhe2, SONG Changqing1,3,4,*()
Received:
2018-10-23
Accepted:
2019-01-22
Online:
2019-09-25
Published:
2019-12-11
Contact:
SONG Changqing
E-mail:songcq@bnu.edu.cn
About author:
Yuan Lihua (1988–), specialized in geographical variations analysis and human geography research. E-mail: ylh20070901@ 163.com
Supported by:
YUAN Lihua, CHEN Xiaoqiang, WANG Xiangyu, XIONG Zhe, SONG Changqing. Spatial associations between NDVI and environmental factors in the Heihe River Basin[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2019, 29(9): 1548-1564.
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Table 1
Factors selected for spatial association analysis in the Heihe River Basin"
Category | Factor | Factor unit | Source |
---|---|---|---|
Climate | |||
Precipitation | mm | Heihe River Data Organization (http://www.heihedata.org/) | |
Temperature | ℃ | Heihe River Data Organization (http://www.heihedata.org/) | |
Specific humidity | g/kg | Heihe River Data Organization (http://www.heihedata.org/) | |
Topography | |||
Elevation | m | Derived from DEM data (http://www. heihedata.org/ data/ea5a9bba- 20c3-40c8-8013-584e0e55a952) | |
Aspect | - | Derived from DEM data | |
Slope | ° | Derived from DEM data | |
Soil property | |||
Soil type | - | Heihe River Data Organization (http://www.heihedata.org/) |
Table 2
Trend and significance results for NDVI in the Heihe River Basin"
Value | Sub-types | Percentage of sub-types (%) | Types | Percentage of types (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
NDVI slope | (0.001,0.033] | Moderately increased | 3.5 | Increased | 10.6 |
(0,0.001] | Slightly increased | 7.1 | |||
[-0.001,-0] | Slightly degraded | 20.8 | Degraded | 89.4 | |
(-0.001,-0.020] | Moderately degraded | 68.6 | |||
Significance level | <5% | - | - | Significance | 54.4 |
>5% | - | - | Non-significance | 45.6 | |
The overlay result of the slope and M-K test | (0.001,0.033]∩<5% | Moderately increased with significance | 52.2 | Increased with significance | 53.0 |
(0,0.001]∩<5% | Slightly increased with significance | 0.8 | |||
(0.001,0.033]∩>5% | Moderately increased with non-significance | 19.3 | Increased with non-significance | 37.0 | |
(0,0.001]∩>5% | Slightly increased with non-significance | 17.7 | |||
(-0.001,-0.020]∩<5% | Moderately degraded with significance | 1.4 | Degraded with significance | 1.4 | |
[-0.001,-0]∩<5% | Slightly degraded with significance | 0 | |||
(-0.001,-0.020]∩>5% | Moderately degraded with non-significance | 2.1 | Degraded with non-significance | 8.6 | |
[-0.001,-0]∩>5% | Slightly degraded with non-significance | 6.5 |
Figure 4
Spatial distribution of seven environmental factors for NDVI in the Heihe River Basin (a. Average accumulated precipitation for 2000-2016; b. average temperature for 2000-2016; c. average humidity for 2000-2016; d. elevation; e. slope; f. aspect; g. soil type, number of 1-15 denoted Alluvial soil, Gray cinnamon soil, Dark brown soil, chestnut soil, brown calcareous soil, gray calcareous soil, gray desert soil, gray brown desert soil, brown desert soil, gray meadow soil, inland saline soil, aeolian sand soil, straw mat soil, shaga soil, cold desert soil, respectively.)"
Table 3
Factor/factor interaction results for the Heihe River Basin"
Factor /Interaction | q-statistic | |
---|---|---|
First ranking factor | Precipitation | 0.53 |
Second ranking factor | Elevation | 0.52 |
Third ranking factor | Soil type | 0.50 |
First interaction | Soil type∩Humiditya | 0.68 |
Second interaction | Soil type∩Elevationa | 0.634 |
Third interaction | Soil type∩Precipitationa | 0.629 |
Table 4
Factor/factor interaction results for sub-basins in the Heihe River Basin"
Region | Individual factor | Interaction | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First ranking factor | q-statistic | Second ranking factor | q-statistic | First ranking interaction | q-statistic | Second ranking interaction | q-statistic | |
Upper basin | Elevation | 0.30 | Humidity | 0.27 | Elevation∩Humiditya | 0.52 | Elevation∩Precipitationa | 0.46 |
Middle basin | Precipitation | 0.36 | Soil type | 0.33 | Soil type∩Humiditya | 0.55 | Precipitation∩Soil typea | 0.50 |
Lower basin | Soil type | 0.13 | Precipitation | 0.05 | Precipitation∩Soil typeb | 0.22 | Soil type∩Humidityb | 0.18 |
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