Figure 1

Distribution of meteorological stations in northern China. The black circles and red circles represent meteorological stations. The blue text represent provinces and the red text are meteorological station names."

Table 1

Definition of CS events in terms of frequency, number, duration, and temperature"

Figure 2

Annual variations in CS events in northern China during the period 1960-2016. The marked circles are annual values, and black lines are linear trends."

Figure 3

Annual variations in the starting date and ending date of CS events in northern China during the period 1960-2016. The marked circles are the dates of the CS occurrences."

Table 2

Decadal variations in CS events in terms of frequency, number, duration, and temperature"

Figure 4

Annual variations in the extreme value in CS events in northern China during the period 1960-2016. The marked circles are annual extreme values, and the black lines are linear trends."

Figure 5

Annual variations in the earliest starting date and the latest ending date of CS events in northern China during the period 1960-2016. The marked circles are the dates of CS occurrence."

Figure 6

Spatial distribution of CS events in northern China during the period 1960-2016"

Figure 7

Spatial distribution of the starting date and ending date of mean CS events in northern China during the period 1960-2016"

Figure 8

Spatial trends of CS events in northern China during the period 1960-2016"

Figure 9

Area of affected crops in northern China during the period 1987-2016"

Figure 10

Spatial distribution of the relative risk to human health in northern China during the period 2007-2012. This figure was redrawn from Wang et al., 2017. The relative risk in the cold-temperate zone and the plateau climate zone was not analyzed in their study."