Characterizing the changing environment of cropland in the Songnen Plain, Northeast China, from 1990 to 2015

doi:10.1007/s11442-019-1620-3

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Abstract

Quantitative characterization of environmental characteristics of cropland (ECC) plays an important role in maintaining sustainable development of agricultural systems and ensuring regional food security. In this study, the changes in ECC over the Songnen Plain, a major grain crops production region in Northeast China, were investigated for the period 1990-2015. The results revealed significant changes in climate conditions, soil physical properties and cropland use patterns with socioeconomic activities. Trends in climate parameters showed increasing temperature (+0.49°C/decade, p < 0.05) and decreasing wind speed (-0.3 m/s/decade, p < 0.01) for the growing season, while sunshine hours and precipitation exhibited non-significant trends. Four topsoil parameters including soil organic carbon (SOC), clay, bulk density and pH, indicated deteriorating soil conditions across most of the croplands, although some do exhibited slight improvement. The changing amplitude for each of the four above parameters ranged within -0.052 to 0.029 kg C/kg, -0.38 to 0.30, -0.60 to 0.39 g/cm³, -3.29 to 2.34, respectively. Crop production significantly increased (44.0 million tons) with increasing sown area of croplands (~2.5 million ha) and fertilizer application (~2.5 million tons). The study reveals the dynamics of ECC in the Songnen Plain with intensive cultivation from 1990 to 2015. Population growth, economic development, and policy reform are shown to strongly influence the spatiotemporal changes in cropland characteristics. The study potentially provides valuable scientific information to support sustainable agroecosystem management in the context of global climate change and national socioeconomic development.

Keywords Songnen Plain environmental characteristics of cropland climate change soil properties grain yield

Fund:National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41571410, No.41571199, No.41401589

Corresponding Authors: ZANG Shuying E-mail: yzhang@geo.ecnu.edu.cn;syzang@yahoo.com

Issue Date: 19 April 2019

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	ZHANG Yuan
	ZANG Shuying
	SUN Li
	YAN Binghe
	YANG Tianpeng
	YAN Wenjia
	MEADOWS E Michael
	WANG Cuizhen
	QI Jiaguo

Cite this article:

ZHANG Yuan,ZANG Shuying,SUN Li, et al. Characterizing the changing environment of cropland in the Songnen Plain, Northeast China, from 1990 to 2015[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2019, 29(5): 658-674.

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http://www.geogsci.com/EN/10.1007/s11442-019-1620-3 OR http://www.geogsci.com/EN/Y2019/V29/I5/658

Figure 1 Conceptual diagram of a cropland ecosystem

Figure 2 The Songnen Plain, Northeast China and its digital elevation model (DEM)

Figure 3 Spatial distribution of climate stations and soil sampling sites observed in 2015

Table 1 Landsat-5 TM images acquired in 1990 and Landsat-8 OLI in 2015/2016 for cropland mapping

Figure 4 Climate parameters in the Songnen Plain from 1990 to 2015. (a) annual sunshine hours and annual mean temperature, (b) annual precipitation and annual mean wind speed, (c) sunshine hours and mean temperature in the growing season (May-October), and (d) precipitation and mean wind speed in the growing season

Figure 5 Trends of 4 main climate factors for growing season (May to October) by using Mann-Kendall (MK) trend test tool, where the Z value is denoted by the changing significance of climate factors. (a) mean temperature, (b) sunshine hours, (c) precipitation and (d) mean wind speed; positive values denote increase and negative values denote decrease over the period 1990-2015

Figure 6 Spatial distribution of soil properties in 1990 and 2015, and their corresponding differences representing the increased (positive values) or decreased (negative values) trend in SOC, clay, bulk density and pH

Figure 7 Spatial distribution of croplands (drylands and rice paddies) and built-up areas in 1990 and 2015

Figure 8 Agronomic statistics (total sown area, fertilizer inputs and grain output) in the Songnen Plain, from 1990 to 2015

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