Extraction and analysis of abandoned farmland:A case study of Qingyun and Wudi counties in Shandong Province

doi:10.1007/s11442-019-1616-z

Abstract

Abstract:

Rapid urbanization and continuous loss of rural labor force has resulted in abandonment of large areas of farmland in some regions of China. Remote sensing technology can indirectly help detect abandoned farmland size and quantity, which is of great significance for farmland protection and food security. This study took Qingyun and Wudi counties in Shandong Province as a study area and used CART decision tree classification to compile land use maps of 1990-2017 based on Landsat and HJ-1A data. We developed rules to identify abandoned farmland, and explored its spatial distribution, duration, and reclamation. CART accuracy exceeded 85% from 1990-2017. The maximum abandoned farmland area was 5503.86 ha during 1992-2017, with the maximum rate being 5.37%. Farmland abandonment rate was the highest during 1996-1998, and abandonment trend decreased year by year after 2006. Maximum abandonment duration was 15 years (1992-2017), mostly within 4 years and only a few exceeded 10 years. From 1993-2017, the maximum reclaimed abandoned farmland was 2022.3 ha, and the minimum ~20 ha. The maximum reclamation rate was 67.44%m, with annual average rate being 31.83%. This study will help analyze farmland abandonment driving forces in the study area and also provide references to identify abandoned farmland in other areas.

Key words: CART, abandonment, reclamation, farmland, Shandong Province, Landsat data

Guofeng XIAO, Xiufang ZHU, Chenyao HOU, Xingsheng XIA. Extraction and analysis of abandoned farmland:A case study of Qingyun and Wudi counties in Shandong Province[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2019, 29(4): 581-597.

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Year	Date (month-day)		Date of base image	Overall accuracy (%)		Year	Date (month-day)		Date of base image	Overall accuracy (%)
Year	Date1	Date2	Date of base image	Date1	Date2	Year	Date1	Date2	Date of base image	Date1	Date2
1990	0506	0911	0911	92.5	94.2	2004	0528	1003	1003	87.5	89.1
1991	0509	1006	0509	90.3	84.3	2005	0515	0904	0904	87.7	89.9
1992	0527	1018	1018	91.7	91.8	2006	0502	0907	0907	89.1	90.4
1993	0514	0903	0903	86.0	92.1	2007	0505	0809	0809	84.0	90.9
1994	0517	0906	0517	92.6	91.4	2008	0608	0827	0827	84.2	88.3
1995	0504	0824	0504	93.7	88.4	2009	0526	0830	0830	86.9	89.2
1996	0522	1013	0522	86.4	83.5	2010	0427	0614	0427	90.1	86.4
1997	0423	1016	1016	85.3	88.7	2011	0516	0820	0820	86.8	86.9
1998	0528	0629	0629	85.2	85.2	2012	0527	0928	0928	89.6	90.2
1999	0429	0803	0803	90.4	92.4	2013	0521	0825	0825	84.1	91.1
2000	0501	0906	0906	85.3	88.6	2014	0508	0929	0929	86.5	90.9
2001	0418	0909	0909	87.0	92.2	2015	0425	0815	0815	87.9	90.0
2002	0710	1014	0710	91.7	86.4	2016	0513	1004	0513	91.4	84.2
2003	0627	0915	0915	88.8	91.1	2017	0516	1023	1023	91.5	91.4

Year	Abandonment area (ha)	Abandonment rate (%)	Year	Abandonment area (ha)	Abandonment rate (%)
1992	3526.74	3.44	2005	2564.73	2.50
1993	2355.03	2.30	2006	3287.61	3.21
1994	286.47	0.28	2007	2998.8	2.92
1995	650.34	0.63	2008	2850.75	2.78
1996	4372.47	4.26	2009	1851.66	1.81
1997	5503.86	5.37	2010	1307.16	1.27
1998	5288.40	5.16	2011	1519.11	1.48
1999	2255.31	2.20	2012	2418.12	2.36
2000	1097.01	1.07	2013	341.46	0.33
2001	628.02	0.61	2014	292.59	0.29
2002	842.04	0.82	2015	1285.74	1.25
2003	356.31	0.35	2016	226.44	0.22
2004	650.43	0.63	2017	263.97	0.26

Abandonment duration (year)	Abandonment area (ha)	Abandonment duration (year)	Abandonment area (ha)	Abandonment duration (year)	Abandonment area (ha)
1	11183.67	6	501.21	11	17.64
2	5278.32	7	288.9	12	8.46
3	2846.25	8	159.21	13	4.5
4	1587.15	9	82.26	14	1.44
5	910.17	10	40.86	15	0.99

Year	Reclamation area (ha)	Reclamation rate (%)	Year	Reclamation area (ha)	Reclamation rate (%)
1993	1607.31	45.57	2006	431.28	16.82
1994	1539.09	65.35	2007	603.72	18.36
1995	89.10	31.10	2008	2022.30	67.44
1996	217.08	33.38	2009	1252.89	43.95
1997	1063.80	24.33	2010	281.79	15.22
1998	852.30	15.49	2011	141.66	10.84
1999	1010.52	19.11	2012	759.15	49.97
2000	1381.68	61.26	2013	1056.69	43.70
2001	266.49	24.29	2014	19.17	5.61
2002	28.98	4.61	2015	20.52	7.01
2003	400.68	47.58	2016	354.78	27.59
2004	183.69	51.55	2017	99.36	43.88
2005	141.30	21.72