Journal of Geographical Sciences ›› 2019, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (3): 432-448.doi: 10.1007/s11442-019-1608-z
• Research Articles • Previous Articles Next Articles
Received:
2018-07-12
Accepted:
2018-08-17
Online:
2019-03-25
Published:
2019-03-20
Contact:
Jiangbo GAO
E-mail:houwj.13b@igsnrr.ac.cn;gaojiangbo@igsnrr.ac.cn
About author:
Author: Hou Wenjuan, PhD, specialized in research on karst ecosystem services. E-mail:
Supported by:
Wenjuan HOU, Jiangbo GAO. Simulating runoff generation and its spatial correlation with environmental factors in Sancha River Basin: The southern source of the Wujiang River[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2019, 29(3): 432-448.
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Table 1
Information for meteorological and rainfall stations"
Station types | Station name | Latitude | Longitude | Elevation (m) | River system | Period |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Meteorological station | Anshun | 26o15′ | 105o54′ | 1431 | — | Preheat year: 2006-2007; Calibration year: 2008-2010; Validation year: 2011-2013 |
Precipitation station | Bide | 26o34′ | 105o10′ | 1500 | — | |
Machang | 26o19′ | 105o33′ | 1320 | — | ||
Santang | 26o35′ | 105o33′ | 1588 | — | ||
Qibo | 26o34′ | 106o10′ | 990 | — | ||
Hydrological station | Yangchang | 26o39′ | 105o11′ | — | Sancha River | |
Longchangqiao | 26o23′ | 105o47′ | — | Sancha River | ||
Hongjiadu | 26o52′ | 105o52′ | — | Liuchonghe | ||
Yachihe | 26o51′ | 106o09′ | — | Wujiang River |
Table 2
Results of the sensitivity analysis and parameter calibration for the SWAT model"
Parameters | Sensitivity rank | Parameter value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Physical significance | Code | Process | YC | LCQ | CK | Default range | Adjustment range |
SCS runoff curve number under normal moisture conditions | CN2 (.mgt) | Surface runoff | 2 | 3 | 5 | 35-98 | 50-98 |
Soil available water content | SOL_AWC (.sol) | Soil moisture | 9 | 11 | 8 | 0-1 | 0.05-0.16 |
Baseflow alpha factor | ALPHA_BF (.gw) | Groundwater | 5 | 14 | 15 | 0-1 | 0.048-0.5 |
Threshold water level in the shallow aquifer for groundwater to enter the main stream (mm) | GWQMN (.gw) | Groundwater | 7 | 4 | 4 | 0-5000 | 1000 |
Channel effective hydraulic conductivity (mmh-1) | CH_K2 (.rte) | Interflow | 6 | 1 | 1 | 0-150 | 0-25 |
Table 3
Statistical indicators of model performance at the three different monitoring stations of the Sancha River Basin"
Hydrological stations | Calibration period (2008-2010) | Validation period (2011-2013) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Ens | R2 | Ens | R2 | |
Yangchang | 0.70 | 0.84 | 0.73 | 0.93 |
Longchangqiao | 0.82 | 0.92 | 0.90 | 0.95 |
Basin outlet | 0.64 | 0.92 | 0.50 | 0.78 |
Table 4
Runoff and evapotranspiration based on different elevations of hydrological response units (HRUs) in the Sancha River Basin"
Terrain factors | Total flow (mm) | Surface runoff (mm) | Groundwater (mm) | Evapotranspiration (mm) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Element | Gradient | Percentage area | Average | CV | Average | CV | Average | CV | Average | CV |
Elevation (m) | 911-1000 | 1.8% | 882 | 0.09 | 401 | 0.52 | 481 | 0.52 | 212 | 0.28 |
1000-1500 | 64.2% | 803 | 0.17 | 310 | 0.75 | 493 | 0.48 | 251 | 0.27 | |
1500-2330 | 34.0% | 882 | 0.15 | 154 | 0.85 | 591 | 0.42 | 245 | 0.27 | |
Slope (°) | 0-5 | 61.9% | 825 | 0.17 | 301 | 0.80 | 523 | 0.46 | 253 | 0.27 |
5-10 | 24.5% | 838 | 0.16 | 319 | 0.72 | 519 | 0.46 | 241 | 0.27 | |
10-15 | 12.3% | 881 | 0.15 | 303 | 0.75 | 578 | 0.49 | 227 | 0.27 | |
15-24 | 1.3% | 863 | 0.21 | 233 | 0.85 | 629 | 0.44 | 222 | 0.28 |
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