Developing a comprehensive evaluation method for Interconnected River System Network assessment: A case study in Tangxun Lake group

doi:10.1007/s11442-019-1605-2

Abstract

Abstract:

The Interconnected River System Network (IRSN) plays a crucial role in water resource allocation, water ecological restoration and water quality improvement. It has become a key part of the urban lake management. An evaluation methodology system for IRSN project can provide important guidance for the selection of different water diversion schemes. However, few if any comprehensive evaluation systems have been developed to evaluate the hydrodynamics and water quality of connected lakes. This study developed a comprehensive evaluation system based on multi-indexes including aspects of water hydrodynamics, water quality and socioeconomics. A two-dimensional (2-D) mathematical hydrodynamics and water quality model was built, using NH₃-N, TN and TP as water quality index. The IRSN project in Tangxun Lake group was used as a testbed here, and five water diversion schemes were simulated and evaluated. Results showed that the IRSN project can improve the water fluidity and the water quality obviously after a short time of water diversion, while the improvement rates decreased gradually as the water diversion went on. Among these five schemes, Scheme V showed the most noticeable improvement in hydrodynamics and water quality, and brought the most economic benefits. This comprehensive evaluation method can provide useful reference for the implementation of other similar IRSN projects.

Key words: Interconnected River System Network (IRSN), comprehensive evaluation system, hydrodynamic and water quality model, water environment improvement, Tangxun Lake group

Wei YANG, Liping ZHANG, Yanjun ZHANG, Zongli LI, Yi XIAO, Jun XIA. Developing a comprehensive evaluation method for Interconnected River System Network assessment: A case study in Tangxun Lake group[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2019, 29(3): 389-405.

Figures/Tables 17

Figure 1

Table 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Table 2

Figure 4

Figure 5

Table 3

Table 4

Figure 6

Figure 7

Table 5

Figure 8

Figure 9

Figure 10

Table 6

Table 7

References 33

[1]	Bi Sheng, 2014. Study on numerical simulations of hydrodynamics and pollutant transport in river and shallow lakes [D]. Wuhan: Huazhong University of Science and Technology. (in Chinese)
[2]	Chen Xiaojiang, 2010. Eutrophication status and monitoring of urban lakes in China. Science & Technology Information, (5): 416, 465. (in Chinese)
[3]	Chen Zhentao, Hua Lei, Jin Qiannan, 2015. Assessing the efficacy of water diversion to improve water quality in city river network.Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, 32(7): 45-51. (in Chinese)http://www.en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-CJKB201507013.htm
[4]	Chu Junying, Qin Dayong, Wang Haoet al., 2009. Simulation of lake water environment trends in Tangxun Lake of Wuhan under rainfall uncertainty.China Environment Science, 29(9): 955-961. (in Chinese)http://www.cabdirect.org/abstracts/20093295697.html
[5]	Cui Guangbai, Chen Xing, Xiang Longet al., 2017. Evaluation of water environment improvement by interconnected river network in plain area.Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 48(12): 1429-1437.http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-SLXB201712006.htm
[6]	Cui Guotao, Zuo Qiting, Dou Ming, 2011. Development evolution and influences of the interconnected river system network at home and abroad.South-to-North Water Diversion and Water Science & Technology, 9(4): 73-76. (in Chinese)
[7]	Cui Guotao, Zuo Qiting, Li Zongliet al., 2012. Analysis of function and adaptability for interconnected river system network.Water Resources and Power, 30(2): 1-5. (in Chinese)http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-SDNY201202002.htm
[8]	Jiang Mengwei, 2014. China’s sewage charge is only 1/30 of environmental management investment. Beijing Business Today, 04-08(002). (in Chinese)
[9]	Kang Ling, Guo Xiaoming, Wang Xueli, 2012. Study on water diversion schemes of large urban lake group.Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering, 31(3): 65-69. (in Chinese)http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-SFXB201203013.htm
[10]	Li Yiping, Acharya Kumud, Yu Zhongbo, 2011. Modeling impacts of Yangtze River water transfer on water ages in Lake Taihu, China.Ecological Engineering, 37(2): 325-334.https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0925857410003186 doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2010.11.024
[11]	Li Yiping, Tang Chunyan, Wang Chaoet al., 2013. Assessing and modeling impacts of different inter-basin water transfer routes on Lake Taihu and the Yangtze River, China.Ecological Engineering, 60(11): 399-413.https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0925857413004138 doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.09.067
[12]	Li Zongli, Li Yuanyuan, Wang Zhonggenet al., 2011. Research on interconnected river system network: Conceptual framework.Journal of Natural Resources, 26(3): 513-522. (in Chinese)http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZRZX201103018.htm doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1077.2010.10636
[13]	Liu Bojuan, Deng Qiuliang, Zou Chaowang, 2014. Study on necessity of project construction for connecting rivers and lakes.Yangtze River, 45(16): 5-6. (in Chinese)http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-RIVE201416002.htm
[14]	Liu Jiaming, Zhang Yanjun, Song Xingyuanet al., 2014. Optimal discharge of pollution flushing in an interconnected river-lake network: A case study of Lake Cihu, Hubei Province.Journal of Lake Sciences, 26(5): 671-681. (in Chinese)<![CDATA[http://www.jlakes.org/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?doi=10.18307/2014.0504]]> doi: 10.18307/2014.0504
[15]	Lu Xuchuan, Li Yiping, Huang Dongqinget al., 2015. Study on water diversion schemes for improvement of hydrodynamics in plain river network.Water Resources and Power, 33(4): 93-95, 138. (in Chinese)http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-SDNY201504023.htm
[16]	National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Finance of the People’s Republic of China, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China, 2014. Notice on relevant issues concerning adjustment of expropriation of sewage charge.Green Finance and Accounting, (10): 37-38. (in Chinese)
[17]	Patankar Suhas V, 1980. Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow. Washington DC: Hemisphere Publishing Corp.http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1980wdch.book.....P doi: 10.1080/10407789508913684
[18]	Tan Feifan, Wang Haiyun, Xiao Weihuaet al., 2012. Talk about lakes present situation and existing problems and countermeasure thought in China.Water Conservancy Science and Technology and Economy, 18(4): 57-60. (in Chinese)http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-SLKY201204025.htm
[19]	Tan Yarong, Zheng Shaofeng, 2007. Study on the method of determining unit cost of environmental pollutants.Productivity Research, 24: 52-53. (in Chinese)
[20]	Tao Wenquan, 2001. Numerical Heat Transfer. 2nd ed. Xi’an: Xi’an Communication University Press, 273-276. (in Chinese)
[21]	Wang Guiming, 2003. Measures for the administration of expropriation of sewage charge.Guangxi Jieneng, (3): 1-6. (in Chinese)
[22]	Wang Hao, Qin Dayong, Xiao Weihua et al., 2012. Study on the Key Technology of Environmental Carrying Capacity and Water Pollution Control in Tangxun Lake Watershed. Beijing: Science Press. (in Chinese)
[23]	Wu Daoxi, Huang Siping, 2007. Study on the index system of healthy Yangtze River.Express Water Resources & Hydropower Information, 28(12): 1-3. (in Chinese)
[24]	Wuhan Municipal Water Authority, 2011-2016. Wuhan Water Resources Bulletin. (in Chinese)
[25]	Xia Jun, Gao Yang, Zuo Qitinget al., 2012. Characteristics of interconnected rivers system and its ecological effects on water environment.Progress in Geography, 31(1): 26-31. (in Chinese)http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-DLKJ201201007.htm doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0280-z
[26]	Xie Lili, Liu Xia, Huang Chenget al., 2015. Applications and effects of river-lake connectivity to urban river harnessing in Chaozhou city.Guangdong Water Resources and Hydropower, (10): 8-11. (in Chinese)http://www.en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-GDSD201510004.htm
[27]	Xie Xingyong, Qian Xin, Zhang Yuchao, 2009. Effect on water quality of Chaohu Lake with the water transfer project from Yangtze River. In: The 3rd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering, 1-4.http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/icp.jsp?arnumber=5162725 doi: 10.1109/ICBBE.2009.5162725
[28]	Yang Huadong, Yuan Weihua, Ouyang Xuejunet al., 2009. Current situation and countermeasures on the eutrophication of the Tangxun lakes in Wuhan city.Journal of Water Resources & Water Engineering, 20(4): 34-38. (in Chinese)http://en.cnki.com.cn/article_en/cjfdtotal-xbsz200904010.htm
[29]	Zhai Shuhua, Zhang Hongju, Hu Weipinget al., 2008. Evaluation on result of Yangtze-Taihu water diversion.China Water Resources, (1): 21-23. (in Chinese)http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-SLZG200801008.htm
[30]	Zhang Yanjun, Jha Manoj, Gu Royet al., 2012. A DEM-based parallel computing hydrodynamic and transport model.River Research and Applications, 28(5): 647-658.http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/rra.v28.5 doi: 10.1002/rra.1471
[31]	Zhang Yanjun, Luo Wensheng, Lei Alinet al., 2008. Arithmetic research of water quantity and quality model based on DEM.Engineering Journal of Wuhan University, 41(5): 45-49. (in Chinese)http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-WSDD200805010.htm
[32]	Zhang Yilong, Wang Hongwu, Qin Yuhan, 2015. Review of urban surface runoff calculation method and relevant models.Sichuan Environment, 34(1): 113-119. (in Chinese)
[33]	Zuo Qiting, Ma Junxia, Tao Jie, 2011. New thoughts of modern water management and harmony ideas.Resources Science, 33(12): 2214-2220. (in Chinese)http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZRZY201112003.htm doi: 10.1097/RLU.0b013e3181f49ac7

Index categories	Indexes	Units	Implications
Hydrodynamic evaluation indexes	Mean flow velocity	m/s	Reflecting the water renewable capability and the self-purification ability.
	Maximum flow velocity	m/s	Representing the maximum flow velocity of the lake.
	Stagnant water ratio	%	The proportion of the stagnant water area (the velocity less than 0.0006 m/s) to the total area.
Water quality evaluation indexes	Water quality improvement rate	%	Reflecting the change trend of water quality indexes in lakes.
	Concentration change index	-	Reflecting the improvement of water quality in lakes, and the larger concentration change index is, the better the water quality becomes.
	Water quality category ratio	%	Reflecting the spatial distribution of water quality before and after water diversion.
	Water standard exceeding ratio	%	Reflecting the exceeding standard ratio of each pollutant before and after diversion.
Socioeconomic indexes	Economic benefits	yuan	Reflecting the environmental benefits of water quality improvement in lakes.
	Costs	yuan	Reflecting the costs incurred in the operation of the project.
	Net benefits	yuan	It is the difference between economic benefits and costs. The greater the net benefits, the better the water diversion effect.

Parameter name	Value	Parameter name	Value
Coriolis force constant	7.27×10^-5 s^-1	Wind resistance coefficient	0.0012
Horizontal diffusion coefficient	0.5 m²/s	Vertical diffusion coefficient	0.8 m²/s
Horizontal eddy viscosity	8.9 m²/s	Vertical eddy viscosity	8.9 m²/s
Roughness	0.02	NH₃-N degradation coefficient	0.05 d^-1
TP degradation coefficient	0.008 d^-1	TN degradation factor	0.015 d^-1

Connectivity schemes	Flow discharge (m³/s)		Outlets	Water diversion routes
Connectivity schemes	From Donghu Lake	From Liangzi Lake	Outlets	Water diversion routes
Scheme I	40	0	Outlet 1, Outlet 2	Route A, Route B
Scheme II	0	40	Outlet 2	Route C
Scheme III	40	40	Outlet 1, Outlet 2	Route A, Route B, Route C
Scheme IV	0	40	Outlet 2, Outlet 3	Route C, Route D
Scheme V	40	40	Outlet 1, Outlet 2, Outlet 3	Route A, Route B, Route C, Route D

Schemes	Mean flow velocity (m/s)	Maximum flow velocity (m/s)	Stagnant water ratio (%)
Before diversion	0.0015	0.0065	31.4
Scheme I	0.0051	0.483	29.9
Scheme II	0.0056	0.690	24.8
Scheme III	0.0079	0.666	23.7
Scheme IV	0.0084	0.749	23.0
Scheme V	0.0087	0.743	21.6

Schemes	Lakes	Water quality improvement rate (%)			Concentration change index	Water quality category ratio (%)				Water standard exceeding ratios (%)
Schemes	Lakes	NH₃-N	TN	TP	Concentration change index	I~III	IV	V	Worse than Grade V	Water standard exceeding ratios (%)
Before diversion	TXL	-	-	-	-	9.18	23.78	40.38	26.66	90.82
Before diversion	SL	-	-	-	-	0	1.97	6.93	91.1	98.03
Scheme I	TXL	-1.32	12.54	10.81	0.078	8.33	49.97	23.89	17.8	91.67
Scheme I	SL	31.21	38.85	55.97	0.543	4.57	62.54	16.4	16.49	32.89
Scheme II	TXL	16.51	31.42	30.63	0.305	46.49	28.69	13.98	10.84	53.51
Scheme III	TXL	15.85	33.5	32.43	0.321	45.31	31.48	13.37	9.83	54.69
Scheme III	SL	31.21	38.85	55.97	0.543	4.57	62.54	16.4	16.49	32.89
Scheme IV	TXL	17.17	31.32	31.53	0.311	49.41	25.28	13.51	11.79	50.59
	HJL	21.52	14.87	51.72	0.366	6.91	15.25	43.45	34.39	93.09
	QLL	2.33	-1.6	-62.14	-0.298	21.03	19.03	29.74	30.2	78.97
	YL	27.71	2.13	36.57	0.264	0	33.33	50.6	16.07	66.67
Scheme V	TXL	16.04	32.65	31.53	0.313	47.31	28.66	12.93	11.1	52.69
	SL	31.21	38.85	55.97	0.543	4.57	62.54	16.4	16.49	32.89
	HJL	17.63	22.97	52.47	0.388	0.04	23.91	48.32	27.72	99.96
	QLL	2.37	-0.85	-62.03	-0.295	22.52	19.07	32.03	26.38	77.48
	YL	27.76	2.2	36.83	0.265	0	33.35	50.57	16.08	66.65