Estimating spatial pattern of hyporheic water exchange in slack water pool

doi:10.1007/s11442-019-1604-3

Abstract

Abstract:

Hyporheic zone (HZ) influences hydraulic and biogeochemical processes in and alongside streams, therefore, investigating the controlling geographic factors is beneficial for understanding the hydrological processes in HZ. Slack water pool (SWP) is an essential micro-topographic structure that has an impact on surface water and groundwater interactions in the HZ during and after high flows. However, only a few studies investigate HZ surface water and groundwater exchange in the SWP. This study used the thermal method to estimate the HZ water exchange in the SWP in a segment of the Weihe River in China during the winter season. The findings show that on the flow-direction parallel to the stream, river recharge dominates the HZ water exchange, while on the opposing flow-direction bank groundwater discharge dominates the water exchange. The water exchange in the opposing flow-direction bank is about 1.6 times of that in the flow-direction bank. The HZ water exchange is not only controlled by flow velocity but also the location and shape of the SWP. Great water exchange amount corresponds to the shape with more deformation. The maximum water exchange within the SWP is close to the river bank where the edge is relatively high. This study provides some guidelines for water resources management during flooding events.

Key words: hyporheic water exchange, thermal method, discharge, recharge, surface water-groundwater interactions

Jinxi SONG, Dandong CHENG, Junlong ZHANG, Yongqiang ZHANG, Yongqing LONG, Yan ZHANG, Weibo SHEN. Estimating spatial pattern of hyporheic water exchange in slack water pool[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2019, 29(3): 377-388.

Figures/Tables 7

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Micro-topographic feature	Location in the HZ	HZ exchange patterns	Influencing factors	Analysis method	Reference
Hollows and hummocks	Floodplain	Frequent shifts	Runoff generation	Virtual modeling experiment	Frei et al. (2010)
Bank hillslope	Stream margin/floodplain	Mainly discharge	Groundwater head, soil permeability	3D geological model	Dochartaigh et al. (2012)
Pool-riffle	Riverbed	Complex interactions	Bedform-induced advection	Laboratory experiments and pumping exchange model	Tonina and Buffington (2007)
Riffle	Riverbed	Mixed ^a	Hydraulic conductivity, groundwater flux	MODFLOW, Numerical heat-transport model	Storey et al. (2003); Vogt et al. (2012)
Dunes and eddies	Riverbed	Differ in depths	Pressure gradient	Governing equations for fluid, tracer method	Fox et al. (2014); Chen et al. (2015)
Slack water pools	Stream margin/floodplain	Complex interaction	Flow velocity and shape	Thermal method	Present study