Spatiotemporal differentiation of changes in maize phenology in China from 1981 to 2010

doi:10.1007/s11442-019-1602-5

Abstract

Abstract:

Spatio-temporal changes in the differentiation characteristics of eight consecutive phenological periods and their corresponding lengths were quantitatively analyzed based on long-term phenological observation data from 114 agro-meteorological stations in four maize growing zones in China. Results showed that average air temperature and growing degree-days (GDD) during maize growing seasons showed an increasing trend from 1981 to 2010, while precipitation and sunshine duration showed a decreasing trend. Maize phenology has significantly changed under climate change: spring maize phenology was mainly advanced, especially in northwest and southwest maize zones, while summer and spring-summer maize phenology was delayed. The delay trend observed for summer maize in the northwest maize zone was more pronounced than in the Huang-Huai spring-summer maize zone. Variations in maize phenology changed the corresponding growth stages length: the vegetative growth period (days from sowing date to tasseling date) was generally shortened in spring, summer, and spring-summer maize, although to different degrees, while the reproductive growth period (days from tasseling date to mature date) showed an extension trend. The entire growth period (days from sowing date to mature date) of spring maize was extended, but the entire growth periods of summer and spring-summer maize were shortened.

Key words: maize, phenology, climate change, spatio-temporal differentiation, China

Yujie LIU, Ya QIN, Quansheng GE. Spatiotemporal differentiation of changes in maize phenology in China from 1981 to 2010[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2019, 29(3): 351-362.

Figures/Tables 6

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Growing zones	Average air temperature (℃/a)	Precipitation (mm/a)	Sunshine duration (h/a)	GDD (℃ d/a)
Nationwide	0.03**	?0.16	?2.07**	4.92**
Northwest maize zone	0.05**	0.14	?0.99	5.26**
Northern spring maize zone	0.04**	?2.26**	0.51	7.01**
Huang-Huai spring-summer maize zone	0.02**	2.61**	?7.30**	0.87
Southwest maize zone	?0.001	1.53	?1.15	5.81**

Growing zones	Planting type	Sowing date	Seedling date	Three-leaf date	Seven-leaf date	Jointing date	Tasseling date	Milk-ripe date	Ripening date	Vegetative growth stage	Reproductive growth stage	Entire growth stage
Northwest maize zone	Spring maize	?0.05	?0.20**	?0.16*	?0.24**	?0.18**	0.02	0.12	0.06	0.02*	0.03	0.10
Northwest maize zone	Summer maize	0.87**	0.66**	0.64**	0.73**	0.21	0.46**	0.39**	0.22*	?0.46	?0.24**	?0.65**
Northern spring maize zone	Spring maize	0.18**	0.04	0.01	?0.14**	0.10**	0.05*	0.23**	0.30**	?0.12	0.25**	0.11**
Huang-Huai spring-summer maize zone	Spring maize	?0.52**	?0.53**	?0.45**	?0.32**	?0.24*	?0.24*	?0.13	?0.18	0.35**	0.10	0.41**
Southwest maize zone	Summer maize	0.20**	0.17**	0.22**	0.15**	0.09*	0.09*	0.25**	0..35**	?0.11*	0.26**	0.14**
Southwest maize zone	Spring-summer maize	0.96**	0.17**	0.13	0.18*	0.12*	0.23**	0.22**	0.37**	?0.83	0.14*	?0.60**