The impact of global cropland changes on terrestrial ecosystem services value, 1992-2015

doi:10.1007/s11442-019-1600-7

Abstract

Abstract:

From 1992 to 2015, ecological environment has been threatened by the changes of cropland around the world. In order to evaluate the impact of cropland changes on ecosystem, we calculated the response of terrestrial ecosystem service values (TESVs) variation to cropland conversion based on land-use data from European Space Agency (ESA). The results showed that cropland changes were responsible for an absolute loss of $166.82 billion, equivalent to 1.17% of global TESVs in 1992. Among the different regions, the impact of cropland changes on TESVs was significant in South America and Africa but not obvious in Oceania, Asia and Europe. Cropland expansion from tropical forest was the main reason for decreases in TESVs globally, especially in South America, Africa and Asia. The effect of wetland converted to cropland was notable in North America and Europe while grassland converted to cropland played an important role in Oceania, Africa and Asia. In Europe, the force of urban expansion cannot be ignored as well. The conversion of cropland to tropical or temperate forest partly compensated for the loss of TESVs globally, especially in Asia.

Key words: terrestrial ecosystem services values (TESVs), cropland conversion, global

Yuanyuan LI, Minghong TAN, Haiguang HAO. The impact of global cropland changes on terrestrial ecosystem services value, 1992-2015[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2019, 29(3): 323-333.

Figures/Tables 8

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Ecosystem services	Tropical forest	Temperate forest	Grassland	Cropland	Wetland
Gas regulation	0.00	0.00	11.34	0.00	215.46
Climate regulation	361.26	142.56	0.00	0.00	0.00
Disturbance regulation	8.10	0.00	0.00	0.00	7353.18
Water regulation	9.72	0.00	4.86	0.00	24.30
Water supply	12.96	0.00	0.00	0.00	6156.00
Erosion control	396.90	0.00	46.98	0.00	0.00
Soil formation	16.20	16.20	1.62	0.00	0.00
Nutrient cycling	1493.64	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Waste treatment	140.94	140.94	140.94	0.00	6766.74
Pollination	0.00	0.00	40.50	22.68	0.00
Biological control	0.00	6.48	37.26	38.88	0.00
Habitat/Refugia	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	492.48
Food production	51.84	81.00	108.54	87.48	414.72
Raw materials	510.30	40.50	0.00	0.00	171.72
Genetic resources	66.42	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Recreation	181.44	58.32	3.24	0.00	929.88
Cultural	3.24	3.24	0.00	0.00	1427.22
Total	3251.00	489.00	376.00	149.00	23952.00

1992	2015	V ($/ha)	A (×10⁶ ha)	TESVs (×10⁹ $)
Cropland converted into	Tropical forest	3102.00	17.62	54.67
	Temperate forest	340.00	12.43	4.23
	Grassland	227.00	6.77	1.54
	Wetland	23803.00	0.05	1.12
	Urban	-149.00	25.02	-3.73
	Bare land	-149.00	0.64	-0.09
Tropical forest	Converted into cropland	-3102.00	60.44	-187.47
Temperate forest		-340.00	25.96	-8.83
Grassland		-227.00	56.17	-12.75
Wetland		-23803.00	0.68	-16.12
Bare land		149.00	4.07	0.61

Region	TESVs of 1992 (×10⁹ $)	Growth rate of cropland area (%)	TESVs gains caused by cropland loss (×10⁹ $)	TESVs loss caused by cropland gains (×10⁹ $)	TESVs (×10⁹ $)	R₁ (%)	R₂ (%)	Main Reason
Global	14269.62	3.96	57.73	224.56	-166.83	-65.21	-1.17	A
North America	1624.14	1.31	2.44	18.93	-16.48	-78.72	-1.01	B
South America	3622.39	12.02	19.85	101.50	-81.65	-74.74	-2.25	A
Africa	3334.06	7.52	9.04	51.99	-42.95	-73.92	-1.29	A
Europe	548.15	-0.67	0.12	3.33	-3.21	-54.57	-0.59	C
Asia	4496.71	2.34	25.86	47.58	-21.72	-36.46	-0.48	A
Oceania	587.69	4.26	0.38	1.01	-0.63	-36.26	-0.11	D