Assessment and determinants of per capita household CO2 emissions (PHCEs) based on capital city level in China

doi:10.1007/s11442-018-1556-z

Abstract

Abstract:

Household CO₂ emissions were increasing due to rapid economic growth and different household lifestyle. We assessed per capita household CO₂ emissions (PHCEs) based on different household consuming demands (including clothing, food, residence, transportation and service) by using provincial capital city level survey data in China. The results showed that: (1) there was a declining trend moving from eastward to westward as well as moving from northward to southward in the distribution of PHCEs. (2) PHCEs from residence demand were the largest which accounted for 44% of the total. (3) Correlation analysis and spatial analysis (Spatial Lag Model (SLM) and Spatial Error Model (SEM)) were used to evaluate the complex determinants of PHCEs. Per capita income (PI) and household size (HS) were analyzed as the key influencing factors. We concluded that PHCEs would increase by 0.2951% and decrease by 0.5114% for every 1% increase in PI and HS, respectively. According to the results, policy-makers should consider household consuming demand, income disparity and household size on the variations of PHCEs. The urgency was to improve technology and change household consuming lifestyle to reduce PHCEs.

Key words: household CO₂ emissions (HCEs), determinants, capital city level, China

Lina LIU, Jiansheng QU, Zhiqiang ZHANG, Jingjing ZENG, Jinping WANG, Liping DONG, Huijuan PEI, Qin LIAO. Assessment and determinants of per capita household CO₂ emissions (PHCEs) based on capital city level in China[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2018, 28(10): 1467-1484.

Figures/Tables 11

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References 57

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Items	Value	Unit	Source
Anthracite coal	2.1625	t CO₂/10⁴ t	Data source: The People’s Republic of China National Greenhouse Gas Inventory (NDRC, 2007); Calculated by IPCC Reference Approach (IPCC, 2006; Shan et al., 2017).
Bituminous coal	1.9518	t CO₂/10⁴ t
Honeycomb briquette	1.6366	t CO₂/10⁴ t
Gasoline	3.0425	t CO₂/10⁴ t
Diesel oil	3.1469	t CO₂/10⁴ t
Coal gas	2.9509	t CO₂/10⁴ t
Liquefied petroleum gas	7.0493	t CO₂/10⁴ t
Natural gas	21.6502	t CO₂/10⁸ m³
Electricity	/	t CO₂/MWh	Data source: (CDMC, 2010)
Heating	/	t CO₂/m²	Data source: Zhang et al., 2013
Food	0.77	t CO₂/10⁴ yuan	Data source: China Energy Statistical Yearbook (NBSC, 2013) and Input- output Tables of China (NBSC, 2015); Calculated by input-output analysis (Bin and Dowlatabadi, 2005; Wei et al., 2007)
Clothing	1.20	t CO₂/10⁴ Yuan
Water	2.13	t CO₂/10⁴ Yuan
Transportation and communication	2.33	t CO₂/10⁴ Yuan
Education, culture, and recreation	1.09	t CO₂/10⁴ Yuan
Health care and medical services	2.13	t CO₂/10⁴ Yuan
Household facilities	2.44	t CO₂/10⁴ Yuan

Variables abbreviations	Variables	Interpretation	Unit
PHCEs	Per capita household CO₂ emissions	Total household CO₂ emissions/ population	t CO₂/person
PI	Per capita income	Total income/population	10⁴ yuan/person
TP	Total population	Urban population	Person
UR	Urban and rural structure	The proportion of urban population in total	%
HS	Household size	Average persons in each household	Person/household
EL	Education level	The proportion of population with college and higher-level education	%
AS	Age structure	The proportion of population aged 15-49	%

Explanatory	SLM			SEM
Explanatory	SLM(i)	SLM(ii)	SLM(iii)	SEM(i)	SEM(ii)	SEM(iii)
ρ	-0.1126	-0.1413	-0.1797^**
C	5.5368^***	4.9599^***	4.1512^***	3.8121^***	3.6012^***	3.5437^***
PI	0.2693^***	0.1893^**	0.1132^*	0.3818^***	0.3633^***	0.2951^***
HS	-0.8135^**	-0.7774^**	-0.6680^*	-0.4058	-0.4027	-0.5114^*
EL		0.0230^*	0.0173		0.0066	0.0042
TP			-0.0006			-0.0001
UR			-0.0018^**			0.0004
AS			0.0133^*
γ				0.6847^***	0.1559^***	0.0102
R²	0.47	0.52	0.59	0.59	0.59	0.61
AIC	55.88	55.26	55.66	49.85	-51.53	55.82
SC	61.62	62.43	67.14	54.15	57.26	65.85

Assessment and determinants of per capita household CO₂ emissions (PHCEs) based on capital city level in China

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