Regional differences in the health status of Chinese residents: 2003-2013

doi:10.1007/s11442-018-1502-0

Abstract

Abstract:

Health inequality is an increasing concern worldwide. Using the coefficient of variation, Theil index, exploratory spatial data analysis, and spatial panel econometric model, we examined the regional inequality, spatio-temporal dynamic patterns, and key factors in the health status of Chinese residents from 2003 to 2013. We found that China’s residential health index (RHI) decreased from 0.404 to 0.295 in 2003-2013 at an annual rate of 2.698%. Spatially, resident health status, based on the RHI, has improved faster in the western region than in the eastern and central regions. Inequality in resident health status continued to increase between 2003 and 2013; inequality between regions decreased, but health status inequality expanded within regions. Furthermore, disparities in health status grew faster in western regions than in the eastern and central regions. The spatial distribution of resident health status formed a “T-shaped” pattern across China, decreasing from east to center then to the west with a symmetric decrease north and south. Using the change in Moran’s I from 2003 to 2008 and 2013, we found that the distribution of resident health status across China has narrowed. All the hot spots and cold spots have decreased, but they are also stable. Resident health status formed a stable cold spot in the western regions, while the east coastal area formed a stable hot spot. Selected explanatory variables have significant direct impacts on resident health status in China: increasing per capita GDP, per capita spending on health, and urbanization, and improving environmental quality all lead to better resident health status. Finally, we highlight the need for additional research on regional inequality of resident health status across multiple time, spatial, and factor domains.

Key words: residents, health status, regional inequity, influencing factors, China

Xueyan ZHAO, Weijun WANG, Wenyu WAN. Regional differences in the health status of Chinese residents: 2003-2013[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2018, 28(6): 741-758.

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References 43

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Variable	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013
GDPPC	-0.508^**	-0.486^**	-0.422^**	-0.453^**	-0.441^**	-0.437^**	-0.405^**	-0.425^**	-0.448^**	-0.418^**	-0.413^**
PCPHE	-0.000	-0.078	-0.190	-0.140	-0.309	-0.218	-0.427^**	-0.498^**	-0.452^**	-0.457^**	-0.454^**
AHCR	-0.261	-0.184	-0.104	-0.125	-0.15	-0.132	-0.12	-0.133	-0.112	-0.168	-0.165
UR	-0.489^**	-0.437^**	-0.493^**	-0.537^**	-0.535^**	-0.541^**	-0.522^**	-0.512^**	-0.524^**	-0.550^***	-0.546^***
EQI	-0.500^**	-0.416^**	-0.235	-0.404^**	-0.477^**	-0.370^**	-0.372	-0.178	-0.327^*	-0.251	-0.260

Variable	Elastic coefficient	T value	P value	Variable	Elastic coefficient	T value	P value
lnGDPPC	-0.017**	-2.39	0.017	W*lnGDPPC	-0.037***	-2.79	0.005
lnPCPHE	-0.013**	-1.98	0.049	W*lnPCPHE	0.003	0.48	0.630
lnAHCR	-0.054	-1.36	0.174	W*lnAHCR	0.029***	2.83	0.005
lnUR	-0.129**	-2.32	0.021	W*lnUR	0.093***	3.40	0.001
lnEQI	-0.012**	-2.08	0.035	W*lnEQI	-0.081***	3.99	0.000
lnEQI	-0.012**	-2.08	0.035	W*lnRHI	0.030***	3.51	0.001

Variable	Direct effect	P value	Indirect effect	P value
lnGDPPC	-0.018^**	0.038	-0.164^***	0.009
lnPCPHE	-0.016^**	0.045	0.009	0.747
lnAHCR	-0.057	0.180	0.125^**	0.015
lnUR	-0.132^**	0.021	0.410^***	0.001
lnEQI	-0.008^**	0.011	-0.362^***	0.000