Rainfall-runoff risk characteristics of urban function zones in Beijing using the SCS-CN model

doi:10.1007/s11442-018-1497-6

Abstract

Abstract:

Urbanization significantly increases the risk of urban flooding. Therefore, quantitative study of urban rainfall-runoff processes can provide a scientific basis for urban planning and management. In this paper, the built-up region within the Fifth Ring Road of Beijing was selected as the study area. The details of land cover and urban function zones (UFZs) were identified using GIS and RS methods. On this basis, the SCS-CN model was adopted to analyze the rainfall-runoff risk characteristics of the study area. The results showed that: (1) UFZs within different levels of runoff risk varied under different rainfall conditions. The area ratio of the UFZs with high runoff risk increased from 18.90% (for rainfall return period of 1a) to 54.74% (for period of 100a). Specifically, urban commercial areas tended to have the highest runoff risk, while urban greening spaces had the lowest. (2) The spatial characteristics of the runoff risks showed an obvious circular distribution. Spatial cluster areas with high runoff risk were mainly concentrated in the center of the study area, while those with low runoff risk were mainly distributed between the fourth and fifth ring roads. The results indicated that the spatial clustering characteristic of urban runoff risk and runoff heterogeneity among different UFZs should be fully considered during urban rainwater management.

Key words: SCS-CN model, urban function zone, spatial cluster, runoff risk

Lei YAO, Wei WEI, Yang YU, Jun XIAO, Liding CHEN. Rainfall-runoff risk characteristics of urban function zones in Beijing using the SCS-CN model[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2018, 28(5): 656-668.

Figures/Tables 10

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UFZ	Abbreviation	Area (ha)	Description
High-density residential zone	HRZ	21187.9	Services for citizens; typical residential communities in Beijing, including low-rise and high-rise buildings with a dense population.
Low-density residential zone	LRZ	450.0	Services for citizens; lower impervious fraction; mainly low-rise buildings with a sparse population.
Government zone	GOZ	6119.2	Services for civil servants and students; government buildings, public organizations, research institutes, and campuses.
Industry zone	INZ	9460.1	Services for production workers and laborers; city infrastructure and industrial factories, energy, and resources supply.
Commercial zone	COZ	10100.6	Services for business and commercial workers; city malls, retail businesses, and public amenities such as restaurants, hotels, etc.
Recreational zone	REZ	9204.5	Services for tourists and residents; urban parks, golf courses, and scenic areas with relatively high green coverage.
Preservation zone	PRZ	225.1	Services for tourists and residents; open space with natural and artificial green space such as forest parks.
Agricultural zone	AGZ	751.9	Services for agricultural workers; cultivated land, greenhouses, and orchards.
Public service zone	PSZ	3704.6	Services for citizens, such as hospitals, libraries, museums, stadiums, and city squares.
Development zone	DEZ	4302.1	Services mainly for construction workers; undeveloped open space and demolition areas.

Rainfall-runoff risk level	Runoff ratio (α)
Lowest risk	α<0.35
Lower risk	0.35≤α<0.5
Moderate risk	0.5≤α<0.6
Higher risk	0.6≤α<0.7
Highest risk	0.7≤α

Urban function zone	Area ratio for each level runoff risk (%)
Urban function zone	Highest risk	Higher risk	Moderate risk	Lower risk	Lowest risk
HRZ	37.41	46.26	32.98	8.21	0.52
LRZ	0.04	0.50	0.29	4.16	0.40
GOZ	6.98	11.77	18.25	8.69	2.00
INZ	15.18	16.65	17.00	12.22	4.72
DEZ	5.17	7.27	10.68	7.30	3.74
COZ	29.88	8.87	6.83	3.97	0.68
REZ	0.27	1.30	8.38	36.58	84.17
PRZ	-	-	-	1.39	1.90
AGZ	-	0.35	1.45	6.67	1.02
PSZ	5.07	7.03	4.14	10.81	0.83

UFZ	1a	3a	5a	10a	25a	50a	100a
GOZ	24.76±4.14e	36.40±5.78de	42.02±6.46de	49.77±7.31d	60.25±8.32d	68.45±9.02d	76.70±9.66d
COZ	27.74±3.71f	40.58±5.17f	46.70±5.77f	55.06±6.52e	66.28±7.42e	74.99±8.04e	83.69±8.60e
AGZ	12.00±4.83b	21.12±6.22b	25.87±6.80b	32.66±7.52b	42.17±8.40bc	49.79±9.02c	57.57±9.59c
PSZ	25.06±5.10e	36.84±7.11de	42.51±7.94de	50.33±8.96d	60.90±10.19d	69.16±11.04d	77.45±11.81d
HRZ	24.90±3.55e	36.60±4.96de	42.24±5.54de	50.02±6.26d	60.54±7.12d	68.77±7.72d	77.03±8.27d
LRZ	17.56±5.55c	26.45±7.78c	30.93±8.70c	37.27±9.85c	46.08±11.22c	53.12±12.18c	60.31±13.05c
INZ	25.42±5.78ef	37.43±7.98ef	43.21±8.88ef	51.16±10de	61.88±11.34de	70.26±12.26de	78.66±13.09de
DEZ	22.27±7.03d	33.59±9.61d	39.10±10.68d	46.74±12d	57.12±13.57d	65.26±14.66d	73.46±15.65d
REZ	13.55±6.40b	20.83±8.94b	24.64±9.99b	30.15±11.3b	37.97±12.86b	44.33±13.94b	50.90±14.93b
PRZ	7.36±3.10a	12.39±4.48a	15.28±5.06a	19.64±5.8a	26.12±6.69a	31.54±7.31a	37.26±7.88a