Journal of Geographical Sciences ›› 2018, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (3): 351-366.doi: 10.1007/s11442-018-1477-x
• Research Articles • Previous Articles Next Articles
Hao HU1,2,3(), Shufang WANG3,*, Yuejing GE3(
)
Received:
2016-11-29
Accepted:
2017-05-17
Online:
2018-03-10
Published:
2018-03-10
Contact:
Shufang WANG
E-mail:bsdhao@126.com;geyj@bnu.edu.cn
About author:
Author: Hu Hao (1984-), PhD and Associate Professor, specialized in urban and regional development. E-mail:
*Corresponding author: Ge Yuejing (1963-), Professor, E-mail:
Supported by:
Hao HU, Shufang WANG, Yuejing GE. Regional differences of border geo-cities in China and the surrounding countries[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2018, 28(3): 351-366.
Add to citation manager EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks
Table 1
Connotation and distribution of geo-cities"
Perspectives | Type of cities | Comments or examples |
---|---|---|
Based on “place” perspective or location advantage | Border port cities | Cities with border ports |
Border cities | Dandong, Baishan, Yanji, Tumen, Heihe, Yining, Ruili etc. | |
Border open cities | Heihe, Hunchun, Manchuria, Yining, Tacheng, Ruili, Hekou, Dongxing, Dandong etc. | |
Coastal open cities | Tianjin, Yantai, Nantong, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shantou, Xiamen etc. | |
Frontier cities | Cities involving 9 land border provinces and 12 coastal border provinces | |
Based on “relation” perspective or connection advantage | Cities with railway ports | Ji’an, Tumen, Dandong, Suifenhe, Dongguan, Foshan, Zhaoqing, Harbin etc. |
Cities with highway ports | Bole, Cangyuan, Dongning, Hunchun, Yoshita, Nielamu, Huocheng, Tengchong, Tumenetc. | |
Cities with air ports | Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Chongqing, Fuzhou, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Nanning, Guilin etc. | |
Cities with water transportation ports | 137 cities with open water transportation ports | |
Based on “geo-setting”perspective | National center cities | Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Chongqing |
Regional center cities | Shenyang, Nanjing, Shenzhen, Wuhan, Chengdu, Xi'an | |
Provincial center cities | Capital cities of 31 provinces | |
World tourism cities | Beijing, Chengdu, Dalian, Hangzhou, Luoyang, Kunming, Nanjing, Shanghai, Xi’an etc. | |
International friendship cities | 441 cities which have friendly relations with 1433 foreign cities |
Table 2
Element statistics of border geo-cities in China and the surrounding countries"
Regions | Countries | Provincialstates | Border cities | Urban settlements | Urban land area (km2) | Highway mileage | Railway mileage |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Northeast Asia | China | 10 | 48 | 2158 | 1555710.14 | 30039.91 | 17490.68 |
Russia | 5 | 37 | 298 | 322755.24 | 4691.17 | 4241.65 | |
Japan | 2 | 4 | 134 | 23240.37 | 1791.35 | 1201.88 | |
Korea | 6 | 38 | 63 | 16705.77 | 1793.03 | 274.33 | |
Mongolia | 8 | 37 | 40 | 452869.90 | 3510.03 | 470.88 | |
North Korea | 9 | 55 | 79 | 31708.76 | 2235.00 | 956.50 | |
The South China Sea | China | 6 | 24 | 1110 | 205469.00 | 13635.63 | 3108.09 |
Vietnam (sea) | 18 | 87 | 137 | 32256.53 | 1304.27 | 1006.15 | |
Philippines | 4 | 15 | 279 | 56817.25 | 3697.40 | 589.99 | |
Malaysia | 2 | 37 | 93 | 52059.00 | 1915.24 | 98.94 | |
Indonesia | 2 | 2 | 15 | 8628.00 | 165.17 | 0.00 | |
Brunei | 3 | 12 | 7 | 1127.67 | 290.69 | 0.00 | |
Central Asia | China | 2 | 9 | 142 | 876855.55 | 7766.06 | 2410.91 |
Kazakhstan | 2 | 12 | 115 | 189182.34 | 3778.42 | 689.69 | |
Kyrgyzstan | 3 | 3 | 88 | 122089.65 | 3420.23 | 272.51 | |
Tajikistan | 1 | 1 | 10 | 37833.77 | 645.92 | 0.00 | |
Russia | 1 | 1 | 9 | 19165.95 | 1059.78 | 0.00 | |
Southeast Asia | China | 2 | 13 | 359 | 271121.89 | 6375.70 | 1133.89 |
Vietnam (land) | 7 | 33 | 59 | 27474.69 | 527.19 | 60.69 | |
Laos | 3 | 6 | 12 | 10958.98 | 347.12 | 0.00 | |
Myanmar | 2 | 9 | 138 | 142224.07 | 1675.27 | 231.85 | |
South Asia | China | 2 | 7 | 166 | 1034593.45 | 7718.72 | 649.14 |
India | 5 | 16 | 95 | 132565.24 | 2853.63 | 459.82 | |
Nepal | 5 | 10 | 106 | 109287.97 | 1465.29 | 107.12 | |
Bhutan | 4 | 11 | 5 | 13720.72 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
Afghanistan | 1 | 1 | 3 | 11045.68 | 208.18 | 0.00 | |
Pakistan | 1 | 1 | 67 | 67909.30 | 1024.78 | 0.00 |
Table 4
The importance of countries and regions in spatial structure system of borer geo-cities"
Regions | Region scores | Countries | Countries score | Provincial states | Border cities | Urban settlements | Urban land area | Highway mileage | Railway mileage |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Northeast Asia | 0.30 | China | 0.89 | 0.47 | 0.55 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Russia | 0.27 | 0.76 | 0.42 | 0.14 | 0.21 | 0.16 | 0.24 | ||
Japan | 0.15 | 0.94 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.07 | ||
Korea | 0.15 | 0.71 | 0.43 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.02 | ||
Mongolia | 0.17 | 0.59 | 0.42 | 0.02 | 0.29 | 0.12 | 0.03 | ||
North Korea | 0.16 | 0.53 | 0.63 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0.05 | ||
The South China Sea | 0.19 | China | 0.40 | 0.71 | 0.27 | 0.51 | 0.13 | 0.45 | 0.18 |
Vietnam (sea) | 0.15 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.06 | ||
Philippines | 0.18 | 0.82 | 0.16 | 0.13 | 0.04 | 0.12 | 0.03 | ||
Malaysia | 0.18 | 0.94 | 0.42 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.01 | ||
Indonesia | 0.11 | 0.94 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | ||
Brunei | 0.11 | 0.88 | 0.13 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | ||
Central Asia | 0.16 | China | 0.27 | 0.94 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 0.56 | 0.26 | 0.14 |
Kazakhstan | 0.18 | 0.94 | 0.13 | 0.05 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.04 | ||
Kyrgyzstan | 0.14 | 0.88 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.08 | 0.11 | 0.02 | ||
Tajikistan | 0.12 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.00 | ||
Russia | 0.12 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.00 | ||
Southeast Asia | 0.16 | China | 0.24 | 0.94 | 0.14 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.21 | 0.06 |
Vietnam (land) | 0.13 | 0.65 | 0.37 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.00 | ||
Laos | 0.11 | 0.88 | 0.06 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | ||
Myanmar | 0.16 | 0.94 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 0.01 | ||
South Asia | 0.15 | China | 0.26 | 0.94 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.66 | 0.26 | 0.04 |
India | 0.15 | 0.76 | 0.17 | 0.04 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.03 | ||
Nepal | 0.13 | 0.76 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.01 | ||
Bhutan | 0.11 | 0.82 | 0.12 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
Afghanistan | 0.11 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.00 | ||
Pakistan | 0.13 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.00 |
[1] |
Anishchenko A, Sergunin A, 2012. Twin cities: A new form of cross-border cooperation in the Baltic Sea Region?Baltic Region, 1(11): 27-38.
doi: 10.5922/2074-9848 |
[2] |
Buursink J, 2001. The bi-national reality of border-crossing cities.GeoJournal, 54: 7-19.
doi: 10.1023/A:1021180329607 |
[3] |
Champion A, 2001. A changing demographic regime and evolving polycentric urban regions: Consequences for the size, composition and distribution of city populations.Urban Studies, 38: 657-677.
doi: 10.1080/00420980120035277 |
[4] |
Cherpitel C J, Ye Y, Bond Jet al., 2015. Border effects on DSM-5 alcohol use disorders on both sides of the U.S.-Mexico border.Drug & Alcohol Dependence, 148(3): 172-179.
doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.01.003 pmid: 25649987 |
[5] |
Dürrschmidt J, 2006. So near yet so far-blocked networks, global links and multiple exclusion in the German-Polish borderlands.Global Networks, (3): 245-263.
doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0374.2006.00143.x |
[6] |
Ehlers N, Buursink J, Boekema F, 2001. Bi-national cities and their regions: From diverging cases to a common research agenda.GeoJournal, 54: 1-5
doi: 10.1023/A:1021132212768 |
[7] | Eskelinen H, Kotilainen J, 2004. Imatra-Svetogorsk: Kaupunkiparista kaksoiskaupungiksi.Idäntutkimus, 1: 28-35. |
[8] | Fang Xiaoping, Li Peng, Ding Sibao, 2011.The gradient structure and the echelon development value of the value of the border area: A case of the border area along China and the ASEAN countries.Economic Geography, 31(9): 1409-1413. (in Chinese) |
[9] |
Fanni Z, Khakpour B A, Heydari A, 2014. Evaluating the regional development of border cities by TOPSIS model: Case study Sistan and Baluchistan Province, Iran.Sustainable Cities and Society, 10: 80-86.
doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2013.05.002 |
[10] | Gu Lin, 2010. Research on cross-border economic cooperation in inland border of frontier area: Take Suifenhe city of Heilongjiang province as example [D]. Changchun, China: Jilin University. (in Chinese) |
[11] | Guo Rongxing, 2012. US-Mexico border environment cooperation.Developments in Environmental Science, (10): 279-305. |
[12] | Guo Wenjun, 2009. Research on Yanbian economic development strategy in Tumen River regional cooperation [D]. Yanbian, China: Yanbian University. (in Chinese) |
[13] |
Hanson G H, 2001. US-Mexico integration and regional economies: Evidence from border-city pairs.Journal of Urban Economics, 50(2): 259-287.
doi: 10.1006/juec.2001.2217 |
[14] |
Heyman J M, 2001. Class and classification at the US-Mexico border.Human Organization, 60(2): 128-140.
doi: 10.1017/S0266466601173068 |
[15] | Hu Hao, Ge Yuejing, Hu Zhiding, 2012. The geopolitical environment of greater neighborhood of the South China Sea.World Regional Studies, 21(3): 36-44. (in Chinese) |
[16] | Hu Zhiding, Luo Huasong, Li Cansonget al., 2012. Triple functions of country border and its concerning optimized combination under the perspective of geopolitical security.Human Geography, 27(3): 73-77. (in Chinese) |
[17] | Javed S, 2014. Role of socio cultural factors in depression among elderly of twin cities (Rawalpindi and Islamabad) of Pakistan. Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research, 1-5. . |
[18] |
Johnson C M, 2009. Cross-border regions and territorial restructuring in central Europe: Room for more trans- boundary space.European Urban and Regional Studies, 16(2): 177-191.
doi: 10.1177/0969776409102190 |
[19] | Kosonen R, Loikkanen K, 2005. Twin cities or paired border cities? Three case studies from the Finnish border. Paper presented at the Inaugural Nordic Geographers Conference, May, 11-13, Lund University, Sweden. |
[20] |
Krätke S, 1999. Regional Integration or fragmentation? The German-Polish border region in a new Europe.Regional Studies, 33(7): 631-641.
doi: 10.1080/00343409950078675 |
[21] |
Laura M N, Mark F, Phillip G, 2009. Forecasting urban growth across the United States-Mexico border.Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, (33): 150-159.
doi: 10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2008.10.003 |
[22] | Li Huijuan, 2010. The development model of Chinese frontier port cities [D]. Beijing, China: Central Minzu University. (in Chinese) |
[23] |
Lunden T, Zalamans D, 2001. Local cooperation, ethnic diversity and state territoriality: The case of Haparanda and Tornio on the Sweden-Finland border.GeoJournal, 54: 33-42.
doi: 10.1023/A:1021184430515 |
[24] | Ma Bo, 2011. Study on regional economic integration in China’s border area [D]. Beijing, China: Central Minzu University. (in Chinese) |
[25] |
Marcelli E A, Cornelius W A, 2001. The changing profile of Mexican migrants to the United States: New evidence from California and Mexico.Lat. Am. Res. Rev., 36: 105-131.
doi: 10.1080/00472330180000301 |
[26] | Markus P, 2005. The construction of new scales: A framework and case study of the Euregio cross-border region. CSGR Working Paper, No.165/05. |
[27] | Meijers E, Hoogerbrugge M, Hollander K, 2014. Twin cities in the process of metro-polisation.Urban Research & Practice, 7(1): 35-55. |
[28] |
Mikhailova E V, 2013. Appearance and appliance of the twin-cities concept on the Russian-China’s border. ISPRS: International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, XL-4/W3: 105-110.
doi: 10.5194/isprsarchives-XL-4-W3-105-2013 |
[29] |
Miguel G C, Cuauhtémoc S R, Sharada Vet al., 2014. Supply chain dynamics and the “cross-border effect”: The U.S.-Mexican border’s case.Computers & Industrial Engineering, 72: 261-273.
doi: 10.1016/j.cie.2014.03.015 |
[30] |
Odile H, 2001. The bi-national cities of Dover and Calais and their region.GeoJournal, 54(1): 61-71.
doi: 10.1023/A:1021140732332 |
[31] |
Ramos R, Ferreira-Pinto J O B, Brouwer K Cet al., 2009. A tale of two cities: Social and environmental influences shaping risk factors and protective behaviors in two Mexico-US border cities.Health & Place, 15(4): 999-1005.
doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2009.04.004 pmid: 2735581 |
[32] |
Riitta K, Xu F, Erja K, 2008. Paired border towns or twin cities from Finland and China.Chinese Journal of Population, Resources and Environment, 6(1): 3-13.
doi: 10.1080/10042857.2008.10684849 |
[33] |
Shi C, Fernando H J, Yang J, 2009. Contributors to ozone episodes in three US/Mexico border twin-cities.Science of the Total Environment, 407(18): 5128-5138.
doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.05.046 pmid: 19559465 |
[34] |
Simon M, Grant M, 2004. Cross-border post-secondary education in the Asia-Pacific region. In: Internationalization and Trade in Higher Education: Opportunities and Challenges. Oraganisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Publishing, 137-204.
doi: 10.4061/2010/610613 |
[35] | Song Yang, Wang Shijun, 2006. Study on the transnational integrative development of geo-cities.Areal Research and Development, 25(1): 62-66. (in Chinese) |
[36] | Wu Haojun, 2011. The strategies of cross-border twin-city integration: A comparative analysis between San Diego-Tijuana twin-city and Hong Kong-Shenzhen twin-city.Urban Planning International, 26(4): 69-73. (in Chinese) |
[37] | Wu Y A, 2012. Study of conditions for the success of international exchange and cooperation in cross-border cities networks: The case of ‘Busan-Fukuoka cross-border Megaregion’ in Northeast Asia.The Korean Journal of Local Government Studies, 16(3): 31-50. |
[38] | Wu Bing, Wang Yafeng, Tong Yukai, 2012. Study on the interaction mechanism between the border ports and cities in the hinterland.Urban Development Studies, 19(9): 32-38. (in Chinese) |
[39] | Yan Xiaopei, Leng Yong, 1997. Study on the coordinative development of Shenzhen-Hong Kong twin cities.Acta Geographica Sinica, 52(Suppl.1): 95-103. (in Chinese) |
[40] | Zhang Jun, Li Lan, 2002. The border city development of western China under the background of western development.Journal of Guangxi University (Philosophy and Social Science), 24(2): 48-52. (in Chinese) |
[41] | Zhou Yixing, Zhang Li, 2001. The foreign-oriented hinterland of Chinese port-cities.Scientia Geographica Sinica, 21(6): 481-487. (in Chinese) |
[42] | Zhu Yuanyuan, Wang Shijun, Feng Zhangxian, 2011. The central place system structure and formation mechanism research of the Chinese northeastern border area center.Economic Geography, 31(5): 724-729. (in Chinese) |
[1] | Haitao MA, Chuanglin FANG, Sainan LIN, Xiaodong HUANG, Chengdong XU. Hierarchy, clusters, and spatial differences in Chinese inter-city networks constructed by scientific collaborators [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2018, 28(12): 1793-1809. |
[2] | YIN Peihong, FANG Xiuqi, TIAN Qing, MA Yuling. The changing regional distribution of grain production in China in the 21st century [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2006, 16(4): 396-404. |
[3] | LIU Xiaonan, WANG Wei. A relationship between red tide outbreaks and urban development along the coasts of Guangdong Province [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2004, 14(2): 219-225. |
[4] | LI Bao-lin, ZHOU Cheng-hu. Sandy desertification trend in western Northeast China Plain in the past 10 years [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2001, 11(2): 179-186. |
|